Table 1.
Typical parameters of wastewater streams generated during reactive dyeing of cotton [27].
| Effluent | pH (−) |
Conductivity (mS cm−1) |
Cl− (g L−1) |
COD (mgO2 L−1) |
BOD5 (mgO2 L−1) |
BOD5/ COD (−) |
TN 1 (mg L−1) |
TP 2 (mg L−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| washing | 9.9–10.0 | 2.25–4.9 | 0.30–0.74 | 2080–2440 | 535–620 | 0.25–0.26 | 2.3–78 | 1.8–8.0 |
| acidification | 4.4–7.1 | 1.19–2.4 | 0.08–0.11 | 750–2300 | 200–250 | 0.11–0.27 | 1.0–38 | 0.4–9.4 |
| rinsing | 4.5–7.0 | 0.77–1.46 | 0.06–0.08 | 240–1280 | 80–95 | 0.07–0.33 | 0.5–17 | 0.1–6.9 |
| dyeing | 10.2–11.6 | 61.6–110 | 23.3–35.1 | 350–3710 | 25–75 | 0.02–0.07 | 22–25 | 0.5–8.5 |
| rinsing | 10.6–10.8 | 13.7–25.5 | 7.38–9.55 | 235–1075 | 30–40 | 0.04–0.13 | 8.8–10 | 0.1–3.0 |
| acidification | 3.6–8.7 | 2.69–11.3 | 2.58–3.29 | 360–1160 | 60–280 | 0.17–0.24 | 3.8–6.8 | 0.1 –4.0 |
| washing after dyeing | 5.5–8.8 | 0.30–5.45 | 0.80–1.46 | 505–965 | 40–400 | 0.08–0.40 | 3.6–11 | 0.4–0.9 |
| rinsing | 6.8–9.1 | 0.05–1.63 | 0.27–0.58 | 280–550 | 70–300 | 0.25–0.55 | 2.0–5.3 | 0.1–0.4 |
| rinsing | 7.6–8.7 | 0.03–1.35 | 0.12–0.39 | 155–185 | 50–130 | 0.32–0.71 | 1.4–2.2 | 0.02–0.2 |
| neutralisation | 5.4–7.9 | 0.06–1.07 | 0.06–0.13 | 120–470 | 35–200 | 0.29–0.43 | 0.5–1.2 | 0.21–0.49 |
| final mixed effluent | 9.6–9.9 | 12.4–12.6 | 3.6–4.9 | 960–970 | 170–240 | 0.25 | 5.5–18.7 | 0.5–4.5 |
1 total nitrogen, 2 total phosphorus.