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Anti-biofilm effect of equol against carbapenem-resistant E. coli. Biofilm inhibition (a) and biofilm eradication (b) of E. coli KBN12P05816 were quantified using crystal violet staining. E. coli was grown in TSB. The biofilm biomass was measured by the absorbance at 595 nm. Asterisks (*) indicate statistically significant differences (** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001) from the control.
