TeM |
track-etched membrane |
PET |
polyethylene terephthalate |
XRD |
X-ray diffraction |
Cu/PET |
composite membrane synthesized using an “etched-only” template |
Cu/Ox_PET |
composite membrane synthesized using an oxidized template |
MT |
microtube |
SEM |
scanning electron microscopy |
XPS |
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
EDX |
energy dispersive X-ray analysis |
Qe |
amount of As(III) adsorbed by the unit mass of copper (mg/g) |
C0
|
feed As(III) concentration (mg/L) |
Ce
|
concentration of As(III) in aliquots (mg/L) |
DC |
degree of crystallinity (%) |
L |
average crystallite size (nm) |
|
adsorption capacity at time (mg/g) |
|
First-order reaction rate constant (min−1) |
|
pseudo-second-order rate constant of adsorption () |
|
initial rate of the adsorption process, mg/g × min |
|
desorption constant (g·mmol−1) |
Ra |
roughness of the composite (nm) |
b |
constant related to the energy of adsorption (i.e., Langmuir constant (L/μg)) |
Ce |
equilibrium concentration of adsorbate (mg/L) |
|
maximum monolayer coverage capacity (mg/g) |
|
Freundlich isotherm constant related to the adsorption capacity (μg/g) |
|
adsorption capacity of the Dubinin–Radushkevich monolayer (μg/g) |
|
constant associated with the free energy of sorption (mol2/kJ2) |
|
free energy of adsorption (kJ/mol) |