Table 2.
Impact of cytogenetic abnormalities on survival outcomes in MM patients according to different treatment regimens.
| Trial/Reference | Patients/N | Treatment | Survival Outcomes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t(4;14) | del(17p) | t(14;16) | 1q gain | t(11;14) | |||
| IFM99-02, 03, 04 [72,108] | NDMM ≤ 65 years/ 1064 | IFM-02: VAD+auto-SCTx2 +/- Pam vs Tm+Pam IFM-03: VAD+auto-SCT+allo-SCT IFM-04: VAD+auto-SCTx2 +/- IL6 Inhibitor |
- Negative vs. non- t(4;14) - No differences |
- Negative vs. non-del(17p) - No differences |
- Neutral - No differences |
||
| IFM2005-01 [33] | NDMM/507 | Vd vs. VAD | - Negative vs. non-t(4;14) - Vd improved EFS and OS |
- Negative vs. non-del(17p) - No differences |
|||
| TT2 and TT3 [148] | NDMM/668 NDMM/303 | TT2: VAD/CECD+/-T+auto-SCTx2+T+INF TT3:VTD+auto-SCTx2 +VTD+VTD/VRDm |
- Negative in TT2 vs. neutral in TT3 | ||||
| HOVON65/ GMMG-HD4 [37] | NDMM/399 | PAD-auto-SCTx2-Vm vs. VAD-auto-SCTx2-Tm |
- Negative vs. non-t(4;14) - No differences |
- Negative - Bortezomib arm improved PFS and OS |
- Neutral | - Negative - No differences |
- Neutral - No differences |
| Eloquent-2 [41,161] | RRMM/646 | ERd vs. Rd | - Negative - ERd improved PFS |
- Neutral - ERd improved PFS |
|||
| Aspire [161,162] | RRMM/792 | KRd vs. Rd | - Negative vs. SR | - Negative vs. SR | |||
| MM-003 [40] | RRMM/455 | Pd vs. HDd | - Negative vs. SR - Pd improved PFS |
- Neutral vs. SR - Pd improved PFS |
|||
| Tourmaline [151] | RRMM/722 | IRd vs. Rd | - No differences | - No differences | |||
| Endeavor [40,149] | RRMM/929 | Kd vs. Vd | - Kd improved PFS | - No differences | |||
| GIMEMA MM-03-05 + EMN01 [163] | NDMM Ineligible for auto-SCT/474 |
VMP vs. Rd+Rm | - VMP improved PFS | - No differences | - No differences | ||
| Myeloma IX + Myeloma XI [124,164] | NDMM/1905 | IX: CVAD/MP/CTD-auto-SCT-Tm XI: CTD/CRD/CVD-auto-SCT-Rm | - Negative vs. non-t(4;14) - Rm improved PFS |
- Negative vs. non-del(17p) - Rm had no impact on PFS |
- Negative vs. non-t(14;16) - Rm had no impact on PFS |
- Negative vs. non-1q gains - Rm improved PFS |
|
| Myeloma X [165] | RRMM/297 | Second auto-SCT vs. CFM |
- No differences | - Not evaluable | - No differences | ||
Abbreviations: auto-SCT, autologous stem cell transplantation; CECD, cyclophosphamide + etoposide + cisplatin + dexamethasone; CFM, cyclophosphamide; CRD, cyclophosphamide + lenalidomide + dexamethasone; CTD, cyclophosphamide + thalidomide + dexamethasone; CVAD, cyclophosphamide + vincristine + doxorubicin + dexamethasone; CVD, cyclophosphamide + bortezomib + dexamethasone; ERd, elotuzumab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone; HDd, high dose dexamethasone; allo-SCT, allogeneic stem cell transplantation; IRd, ixazomib + lenalidomide + dexamethasone; Kd, carfilzomib + dexamethasone; KRd, carfilzomib + lenalidomide + dexamethasone; PAD, bortezomib + doxorubicin + dexamethasone; Pam, pamidronate maintenance; Pd, pomalidomide + dexamethasone; Rd, lenalidomide + dexamethasone; Rm, lenalidomide maintenance; T, thalidomide; Tm, thalidomide maintenance; VAD, vincristine + doxorubicin + dexamethasone; Vd, bortezomib + dexamethasone; Vm, bortezomib maintenance; VTD, bortezomib + thalidomide + dexamethasone; VRDm, bortezomib + lenalidomide + dexamethasone maintenance. NDMM, new diagnosed multiple myeloma; RRMM, relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. SR, standard risk; PFS, progression free survival; OS, overall survival.