Table 1.
Main bacterial changes in the Phylum, Genus, and Species levels of the human microbiome associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
| Level | Bacteria | Variation | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phylum | Firmicutes | decrease | [41,65,66,67,68,69,70,71] |
| Bacteroidetes | decrease | [41,65,66,67,68,69,70,71] | |
| Proteobacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) | increase | [41,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72] | |
| Actinobacteria | increase | [41,65,68] | |
| Genus | Bacteroides | decrease | [73,74,75,76] |
| Lactobacillus | decrease | [73,74,75,76,77] | |
| Eubacterium | decrease | [73,74] | |
| Clostridium spp. | decrease | [55,56,78,79] | |
| Fusobacterium spp. | increase | [80,81,82] | |
| Species | Faecalibacterium prausnitzii | decrease | [51,52,54,79,83] |
| Roseburia hominis | decrease | [83,84] | |
| Bifidobacterium adolescentis | decrease | [79] | |
| Dialister invisus | decrease | [79] | |
| Escherichia coli AIEC | increase | [48,51,85,86] | |
| Ruminococcus gnavus | increase | [58,79] | |
| Mycobacterium avium subsp. Para-tuberculosis | increase | [87,88] |