Table 3.
Obtained data during different test sessions while wearing balance or personal shoes.
| Test | Index | Baseline | Experimental | Control | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personal | Balance | Personal | Balance | Personal | Balance | ||
| Balance on two feet, eyes open | Length (mm) | 667 (574–761) |
685 (606–764) |
697 (620–774) |
713 (625–801) |
686 (610–761) |
687 (598–776) |
| Area (mm2) | 223 (153–292) |
240 (176–303) |
296 (197–395) |
252 (191–312) |
275 (181–370) |
250 (179–321) |
|
| Speed (mm/s) | 13.4 (11.5–15.3) |
13.7 (12.2–15.3) |
13.9 (12.4–15.4) |
14.3 (12.5–16.1) |
13.7 (12.2–15.2) |
13.7 (11.9–15.5) |
|
| Balance on two feet, eyes closed | Length (mm) | 1442 (1010–1874) |
1496 (995–1996) |
1365 (977–1752) |
1290 (1036–1543) |
1458 (1033–1882) |
1377 (1057–1696) |
| Area (mm2) | 739 (516–962) |
702 * (383–1020) |
786 (525–1048) |
629 * (455–804) |
796 (526–1066) |
678 * (444–912) |
|
| Speed (mm/s) | 28.8 (20.1–37.4) |
29.9 (19.9–39.9) |
27.3 (19.5–35.1) |
25.8 (20.7–30.9) |
29.2 (20.7–37.7) |
27.6 (21.2–34.0) |
|
| Balance on one foot | Length (mm) | 1892 (1535–2248) |
2022 (1602–2441) |
1851 (1538–2163) |
1717 (1413–2020) |
1798 (1501–2094) |
1756 $ (1516–1995) |
| Area (mm2) | 960 (426–1493) |
2435 (−739 to 5609) |
771 (641–900) |
839 (673–1004) |
962 (432–1492) |
774 (595–952) |
|
| Limits of stability | 0° | 112.4 (102.9–121.9) |
102.4 (94–110.8) |
111.1 (102–120.2) |
102.2 (95.6–108.8) |
109.9 (102.3–117.5) |
110.3 (101.3–119.3) |
| 45° | 150.3 (128.1–172.5) |
153.8 (136.9–170.7) |
148.3 (135.8–160.8) |
147.9 (136.5–159.3) |
147.5 (139.8–155.2) |
154.5 (142.3–166.7) |
|
| 90° | 189.1 (175.5–202.7) |
184.6 (170–199.2) |
181.9 (167–196.8) |
189.1 (173.6–204.6) |
189.9 (175.8–204) |
193.4 (178.9–207.9) |
|
| 135° | 151.9 (139.2–164.6) |
159.6 (147.5–171.7) |
151.8 (135.8–167.8) |
157.8 (143.2–172.4) |
150.2 (128.5–171.9) |
154.1 (142.5–165.7) |
|
| 180° | 112.7 (102.5–122.9) |
112.1 (101.9–122.3) |
112.2 (99.9–124.5) |
116.1 (106.8–125.4) |
110.9 (99.8–122) |
106.4 (96.3–116.5) |
|
| 225° | 160.1 (144.9–175.3) |
160.1 (141.5–178.7) |
152.6 (135.6–169.6) |
161.8 (144–179.6) |
154.1 (135.7–172.5) |
152.4 (140.7–164.1) |
|
| 270° | 205.9 (196.3–215.5) |
202.2 (190.1–214.3) |
199.0 (181.3–216.7) |
206.6 (196.6–216.6) |
202.6 (191.5–213.7) |
202.6 (189.6–215.6) |
|
| 315° | 161.8 (152.6–171) * |
146.8 (133.5–160.1) |
153.3 (138.1–168.5) * |
140.8 (125.8–155.8) |
157.3 (147.4–167.2) * |
149.4 (135.4–163.4) |
|
| Walking | Steps | 84.6 (78.5–90.7) |
86.6 (79.9–93.3) |
87.7 (81.2–94.2) |
89.6 (84.0–95.2) |
88.1 (81.3–94.9) |
89.1 (83.7–94.5) |
Values are means (95% confidence interval). $, significant differences between baseline for same shoes (p < 0.05). *, significant differences between shoes for same session (p < 0.05).