Table 1.

The summary of literature study for structure and regional activity in the thalamus.

Volume Change in Thalamus	Reference Number
Volume reduction (not significant)	[26,27,28]
Volume loss in the right thalamus was detected in PTSD malingerers	[29]
Negative correlation between volume of right thalamus and re-experiencing	[30]
Volume loss in the bilateral thalamus in pain meta-analysis	[16]
Negative correlation between right thalamic volume and childhood maltreatment	[31]
Positive correlation between left thalamic volume and childhood maltreatment	[32]
Volume reduction in bilateral thalamus in cases of childhood physical maltreatment	[33]
No associations between trauma exposure age and volume of thalamus	[34]
Volume loss in the bilateral thalamus (ventrolateral nuclei) in animals under severe stress	[18]
Thinner right prefrontal cortex and larger right thalamus are related to denial and response prevention in PTSD	[36]
Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)
Loss of MD and AD in right thalamus	[37]
Low FA in bilateral dorsal cingulum and anterior corona radiate	[38]
FA value improvement in anterior corona radiation and right thalamus in recovered PTSD patients	[39]
Increased anterior thalamic radiation via childhood maltreatment correlated to thalamic volume	[40]
Depleted Regional Activity in the Right Thalamus
Depleted regional activity	[42,43,44,45]
Enhanced regional connectivity within thalamus	[45,48,49]
Psychotherapy increased activity in thalamus during retrieval	[46]
Enhanced activity of thalamus from showing PTSD patients a neutral picture	[47]
Depleted cluster coefficients within bilateral thalamus	[50]
BOLD signal positively correlated with symptoms	[51]
Early life stress severity positively correlated with connectivity in thalamus	[52]
Resilience score is positively correlated with BOLD signal in right thalamus in cases of childhood maltreatment	[53]
Laterality of activation (pathological significance of right side)	[46]
Enhanced activity in left thalamus during dissociation	[54]