Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| Total (n = 600) | Fathers (n = 184) | Mothers (n = 416) | t-Test/Mann–Whitney U Test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%)/Mean ± SD | n (%)/Mean ± SD | n (%)/Mean ± SD | p-Value | |
| Age | 38.1 ± 6.4 | 40.1 ± 8.5 | 37.2 ± 5.0 | <0.001 * |
| Monthly household income | 0.34 | |||
| HK$20,000 or less | 40 (6.7%) | 13 (7%) | 27 (6.4%) | |
| HK$20,001–HK$40,000 | 302 (50.3%) | 86 (46.7%) | 216 (51.9%) | |
| HK$40,001 or above | 258 (43%) | 85 (46.3%) | 173 (41.6%) | |
| Educational attainment | 0.24 | |||
| Secondary level or below | 402 (67%) | 117 (63.6%) | 285 (68.5%) | |
| Tertiary level or above | 198 (33%) | 67 (36.4%) | 131 (31.5%) | |
| Economic status change during COVID-19 | 0.50 | |||
| No change/increased | 352 (58.7%) | 85 (46.2%) | 267 (64.2%) | |
| Income reduced | 151 (25.2%) | 62 (33.7%) | 89 (21.4%) | |
| Job loss or income reduced by half | 97 (16.1%) | 37 (20.1%) | 60 (14.4%) | |
| HLS-EU-Q16 | 0.32 | |||
| Inadequate (0–8) | 45 (7.5%) | 20 (10.9%) | 25 (6%) | |
| Problematic (9–12) | 61 (10.2%) | 16 (8.7%) | 45 (10.8%) | |
| Sufficient (13–16) | 494 (82.3%) | 148 (80.4%) | 346 (83.2%) | |
| Parenting | ||||
| Level of difficulty in discussing issues related to COVID-19 with your children (0–10 level) |
2.8 ± 2.1 | 3.0 ± 1.9 | 2.7 ± 2.1 | 0.11 |
| Level of confidence in implementing the health-related practices by your children (0–10 level) |
7.6 ± 1.9 | 7.1 ± 1.6 | 7.8 ± 1.9 | <0.0001 * |
| Parent time staying at home (0–7 days) | 3.5 ± 1.8 | 2.9 ± 1.7 | 3.8 ± 1.8 | <0.0001 * |
Note: abbreviation: SD = standard deviation; HLS-EU-Q16 = European Health Literacy Questionnaire short form; * indicates p-Value < 0.05.