Table 1.

Sociodemographic characteristics of the sample and descriptive statistics of the study variables.

Sociodemographic Factors	N = 102
Gender
Male, n (%)	42 (41.2%)
Female, n (%)	60 (58.8%)
Age (years), mean (SD), range	64.75 (9.180), 37−85
37−49	8 (7.8%)
50−59	14 (13.8%)
60−69	49 (48%)
70−79	27 (26.5%)
80−85	4 (3.9%)
Education level
Primary school	29 (28.4%)
High school	58 (56.8%)
University	15 (14.7%)
Diabetes complications
Vision impairment	53 (52%)
Cardiovascular disease	45 (44.1%)
Kidney failure	8 (7.8%)
Nerve damage	46 (45.1%)
Lower limb amputation	7 (6.9%)
Duration of diabetes (years) mean (SD)	11 (6.702)
Duration of insulin injection (years) mean (SD)	7 (5.098)
Number of insulin injections/day mean (SD)	3 (1.016)
Once	8 (7.8%)
Twice per day	23 (22.5%)
Three times per day	24 (23.5%)
Four times per day	46 (45.1%)
More than four times per day	1 (1%)
Frequency of blood glucose testing/day mean (SD)	3 (1.320)

Percentage based on the number of participants per item. Abbreviations: SD = standard deviation.