Table 1.

Clinical features of intra-abdominal infection with Elizabethkingia spp.

No.	Location	Age	Sex	Underlining Disease	Clinical Presentation	Culture- Positive Specimens	Elizabethkingia Speices	Method for Identification	References
1	Taichung, Taiwan	69	M	Autoimmune protein losing enteropathy, with ascites, pleural effusion	Fever, abdominal distention, Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis	Blood and ascites	E. anophelis	Whole genome sequencing	NA
2	Wisconsin, USA	84	M	Chronic HCV infection, cirrhosis, Type 2 DM, alcohol abuse	Abdominal distention, fever, Suspected spontaneous bacterial peritonitis	blood and ascites	E. anophelis	Verigene system /MALDI-ToF MS	[6]
3	Saudi Arabia	55	F	Type 2 DM, liver cirrhosis, s/p liver transplantation. with post-transplant anastomotic biliary stricture and bile leakage, s/p PTBD	RUQ abdominal pain, no fever. Intra-abdominal infection with subphrenic fluid accumulation	Bile *	E. meningoseptica	NA	[14]
4	Hongkong, China	52	M	biliary pancreatitis, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, cirrhosis with biliary stent	Acute cholangitis	Blood	E. meningoseptica	16S rRNA gene sequence analysis	[18]
5	Hongkong, China	89	F	Hypertension, Atrial fibrillation, painless obstructive jaundice on palliative stenting	Biliary tract infection with sepsis	Blood	E. meningoseptica	16S rRNA gene sequence analysis	[18]
6	Tamil Nadu, India	72	M	Type 2 DM, hypertension, ESRD under CAPD for 22 months	Abdominal pain, and cloudy CAPD fluid. CAPD peritonitis	CAPD fluid	E. meningoseptica	Vitek-2 compact	[15]
7	Taipei, Taiwan	54	F	ESRD under CAPD for eight years	Turbid CAPD fluid, abdominal pain and fever. CAPD peritonitis with Tenckhoff tube infection	CAPD fluid	E. meningoseptica (previously Chryseobacterium meningoseptica)	API and Vitek test system	[16]
8	New Delhi, India	8	F	ESRD since 18 m/o, under CAPD for six years	CAPD peritonitis	CAPD fluid	Elizabethkingia meningoseptica	Vitek system and Vitek AST-N090 card	[17]
9	New Delhi, India	23	F	s/p Medical Termination of Pregnancy by suction and evacuation for suspected blighted ovum or missed abortion	Postposture fever and bleeding. Peritonitis, secondary to uterine perforation	blood culture * 2 set	Elizabethkingia meningoseptica	Vitek system and Vitek AST-N090 card	[17]

Under immunosuppressant with oral tacrolimus 1mg, oral mycophenolate mofetil 500 mg, and oral prednisolone 5 mg; * from PTBD; NA, nonavailable; HCV, Hepatitis C virus; type 2 DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; PTBD, percutaneous biliary drainage; ESRD, End-stage renal disease; CAPD, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis.