Table 2.
Microbiome alterations during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
| Samples | Type of Disease | Increased | Decreased | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fecal samples of 68 CD patients, 84 of their unaffected relatives and 55 matched healthy individuals | CD | Ruminococcus gnavus | Dialister invisus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bifidobacterium adolescentis | [78] |
| 190 tissue colon samples from CD, UC, and non-IBD control | UC, UD | Bacillus, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria | Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, Lachnospiraceae | [79] |
| 18 fecal samples from active UC patients and healthy control | UC | Active Escherichia coli | Biodiversity of active bacteria | [80] |
| Fecal samples from CD patients (n = 161) and healthy individuals (n = 121) | CD | Bacteroides, Prevotella, Proteus | Faecalibacterium, Fusobacterium, Eubacterium, Bifidobacterium, | [81] |
| 8 samples from active colonic CD patients and 16 from healthy volunteers | CD | Escherichia coli, microflora diversity | Clostridium coccoides, Bacteroides | [82] |
| Biopsies from 5 different locations between ileum and rectum in 10 twin pairs | CD | Escherichia coli | F. prausnitzii (in ileal CD) | [83] |
| Peripheral blood from 202 IBD patients, 24 non-IBD controls and 29 healthy individuals | IBD | Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, adherent-invasive Escherichia coli | No detection | [84] |
| 301 biopsies from between ileum and rectum of 15 CD, 13 UC and 33 healthy individuals | CD, UC | Campylobacter concisus | No detection | [85] |