Table 2.
Characteristics of the study participants (n = 40).
| Characteristics | Control (n = 20) | Intervention (n = 20) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) † | 65.9 (5.4) | 65.3 (4.7) | 0.663 a |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) † | 24.0 (2.6) | 24.0 (2.7) | 0.961 a |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 10 (50.0%) | 17 (85.0%) | 0.018 b |
| Female | 10 (50.0%) | 3 (15.0%) | |
| Educational level | |||
| No formal education/primary | 4 (20.0%) | 6 (30.0%) | 0.693 b |
| Secondary | 9 (45.0%) | 9 (45.0%) | |
| Post-secondary or above | 7 (35.0%) | 5 (25.0%) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 14 (70.0%) | 18 (90.0%) | 0.235 c |
| Single/divorced/widowed | 6 (30.0%) | 2 (10.0%) | |
| Employment status | |||
| Employed | 6 (30.0%) | 9 (45.0%) | 0.327 b |
| Unemployed/retired | 14 (70.0%) | 11 (55.0%) | |
| Current smoker | |||
| No | 18 (90.0%) | 13 (68.4%) | 0.127 c |
| Yes | 2 (10.0%) | 6 (31.6%) | |
| Regular alcohol drinker | |||
| No | 17 (85.0%) | 13 (68.4%) | 0.273 c |
| Yes | 3 (15.0%) | 6 (31.6%) | |
| Average daily fruit intake | |||
| 0–1 portion | 12 (60.0%) | 13 (65.0%) | 0.744 b |
| ≥2 portions | 8 (40.0%) | 7 (35.0%) | |
| Average daily vegetables intake | |||
| 0–1 portion | 10 (50.0%) | 12 (60.0%) | 0.525 b |
| ≥2 portions | 10 (50.0%) | 8 (40.0%) | |
| Average daily intake of meat, fish, egg and alternatives | |||
| 0–4 tael | 12 (60.0%) | 14 (70.0%) | 0.507 b |
| ≥5 tael | 8 (40.0%) | 6 (30.0%) | |
| Regular meal time | |||
| Yes | 14 (70.0%) | 13 (65.0%) | 0.736 b |
| No | 6 (30.0%) | 7 (35.0%) |
Data marked with † are presented as mean (standard deviation), all others are presented as frequency (%). a Independent t-test; b Pearson chi-square test; c Fisher’s exact test.