. 2021 Feb 6;13(2):521. doi: 10.3390/nu13020521

Table 2.

Numbers, incidence rates, and adjusted hazard ratios of oral corticosteroid prescriptions (placebo as reference), by treatment group.

Participants	Vitamin D			Placebo			Hazard Ratio (95%CI) ^a	p-Value (Wald X²)
Participants	Number of Participants	Number of Prescriptions /p-Y	Incidence Rate per p-Y	Number of Participants	Number of Prescriptions /p-Y	Incidence Rate per p-Y	Hazard Ratio (95%CI) ^a	p-Value (Wald X²)
All	402	536/1324	0.40	373	469/1218	0.39	1.08 (0.84, 1.39)	0.55
Asthma-COPD category
Asthma only	106	172/352	0.49	108	173/367	0.47	1.18 (0.80, 1.74)	0.41
COPD only	200	176/650	0.27	156	124/494	0.25	1.07 (0.69, 1.67)	0.75
Combined asthma & COPD	96	188/320	0.59	109	172/357	0.48	1.21 (0.78, 1.88)	0.39
Age (years)
50–59	84	155/299	0.52	75	117/270	0.43	1.23 (0.73, 2.07)	0.43
60–69	169	220/550	0.40	152	206/494	0.42	0.99 (0.68, 1.45)	0.97
70–79	128	139/410	0.34	120	108/374	0.29	1.21 (0.73, 2.03)	0.46
80–84	21	22/65	0.34	26	38/80	0.48	0.54 (0.19, 1.52)	0.24
Sex
Male	227	242/744	0.33	210	270/676	0.40	0.83 (0.58, 1.18)	0.30
Female	175	294/580	0.51	163	199/542	0.37	1.46 (1.03, 2.06)	0.03
Ethnicity
Māori	30	41/100	0.41	38	72/127	0.57	0.68 (0.33, 1.42)	0.31
Pacific Island	15	48/53	0.91	22	49/73	0.67	1.37 (0.56, 3.31)	0.49
South Asian	16	33/51	0.65	13	20/43	0.47	1.73 (0.51, 5.92)	0.38
European/Other	341	414/1120	0.37	300	328/976	0.34	1.10 (0.82, 1.46)	0.54
25OHD category (nmol/L) ^b
<25.0	8	2/27	0.07	10	23/33	0.70	0.11 (0.02, 0.51)	0.005
25.0–49.9	82	152/265	0.57	109	150/360	0.42	1.45 (0.92, 2.30)	0.11
50.0–74.9	172	232/569	0.41	134	168/437	0.38	1.09 (0.76, 1.58)	0.64
≥75.0	140	150/463	0.32	120	128/389	0.33	1.03 (0.62, 1.70)	0.92

Abbreviations: 25OHD = 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 95%CI, 95% confidence interval; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; p-Y = person-years. ^a Adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity (as appropriate). ^b Based on deseasonalized concentrations.