Table 3.
Prevalence of MSI-H, TMB-H and PD-L1 in non-colorectal gastrointestinal cancers and response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
| Tumor Type | Biomarker (%) [10,28,29,30,34,67,68,69,70,71] | Response Rates to ICI Monotherapy (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSI-H | TMB | PD-L1 | First Line 1 | Beyond First Line 1 | MSI-H Tumors 2 | |
| Gastric cancer | 4–25 | 3.1–13 | 6.6–30.7 | 14.8 [39] | 11.6–22 [36,37,38] | 45.8–85.7 [35,36,72] |
| Esophageal cancer | 0–3.3 | 0.5–17 | 16.2–24.9 | Not reported [46] | 9.9–30 [44,45,73] | Not reported [35] |
| Small bowel adenocarcinoma | 2–8.3 | 8.3–10.2 | 10.5–16.7 | - | 7.5 [49] | 42.1 [35] |
| Anal cancer | 0 | 8.3–33 | 38 | - | 10.9–24 [50,74,75,76] | - |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 0–2.9 | 1.4–7 | 6.1–9.6 | 15 [56] | 10.2–20 [51,52,53,54] | - |
| Biliary tract cancer | 1.4–2.5 | 3.4–26 | 8.5–18.6 | - | 7.1–11 [58,77] | 40.9 [35] |
| Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | 0–5.3 | 1.2–1.4 | 8.6–21.6 | 0 [78] | 0 [60] | 18.2 [35] |
| Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor | 0 | 1.3 | 2.9 | - | 6.3–7.5 [79,80] | - |
1 Both MSI-H and MSS/MSI-L tumors were included. 2 Response rates in MSI-H tumors irrespective of lines of therapy.