Table 1.

Diverse roles of GS in different cancer types.

Cancer Type	GS Expression	Role of GS	Experimental Models	References
GBM	High	GS sustains nucleotide biosynthesis and cell growth of GBM in gln starved conditions	Human GBM patients, GBM PDX model	[17,19]
OVC	High	GS supports the proliferation of OVC cells GShigh OVC shows low invasiveness	OVC cells	[38,39]
	Low	GSlow OVC shows high invasiveness	Xenograft mouse model	[39,40]
Breast cancer (luminal)	High	High expression of GS contributes to gln independence GLS inhibitor has no anti-proliferative activity	Luminal type breast cancer cells	[13,18]
Breast cancer (basal)	Low	Low expression of GS contributes to gln dependence GLS inhibitor has anti-proliferative activity	Basal type breast cancer cells, Xenograft model of basal like breast cancer	[13,18]
Lung cancer	High	Increased GS accumulates gln in cancer cells although gln catabolism is activated	GEMs (Myc-induced lung tumors)	[41]
	-	GS confers gefitinib resistance	NSCLC cells	[42,43]
PDAC	High	GS contributes to cataplerotic usage of α-KG GLUL ablation suppresses tumor growth	KPC tumor cell organoids, Orthotopic mouse model	[44]