. 2021 Feb 9;10(2):373. doi: 10.3390/foods10020373

Table 3.

Effects of preharvest chitosan application on soluble solids content, titratable acidity, total sugar content (HPLC analysis), total acid content (HPLC analysis), and their ratios in ‘Garmrok’ kiwifruit during cold storage. Experimental data represent means ± standard error with n = 10 (SSC) and n = 3 (titratable acidity, total sugar content, total acid content, and their ratios). *, in each column indicate significant differences between treatments at each sampling date, according to the least significant difference (LSD) test at p ≤ 0.05.

Treatment	Storage Days at 0 °C
Treatment	0	30	60	90
	Soluble solids content (SSC, %)
Control	6.2 ± 0.2	9.6 ± 0.1	11.8 ± 0.2	12.7 ± 0.1
Chitosan 100 mg·L⁻¹	6.0 ± 0.2	9.3 ± 0.2 *	11.7 ± 0.2	11.9 ± 0.1 *
Chitosan 500 mg·L⁻¹	6.0 ± 0.2	9.9 ± 0.2	11.4 ± 0.1	11.6 ± 0.3 *
	Titratable acidity (TA, %)
Control	1.7 ± 0.0	1.5 ± 0.0	1.2 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.0
Chitosan 100 mg·L⁻¹	1.9 ± 0.1 *	1.5 ± 0.0	1.3 ± 0.0 *	1.0 ± 0.0
Chitosan 500 mg·L⁻¹	1.8 ± 0.0 *	1.5 ± 0.0	1.2 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.0 *
	Total sugar content (g/100 g)
Control	6.9 ± 0.2	9.7 ± 0.4	9.2 ± 0.5	9.4 ± 0.5
Chitosan 100 mg·L⁻¹	6.8 ± 0.2	9.2 ± 0.3	8.9 ± 0.2	9.2 ± 0.3
Chitosan 500 mg·L⁻¹	6.7 ± 0.2	8.4 ± 0.2 *	8.5 ± 0.4	8.1 ± 0.2 *
	Total acid content (g/100 g)
Control	1.3 ± 0.0	1.3 ± 0.0	1.2 ± 0.0	1.3 ± 0.0
Chitosan 100 mg·L⁻¹	1.4 ± 0.0*	1.4 ± 0.0 *	1.3 ± 0.0 *	1.4 ± 0.0 *
Chitosan 500 mg·L⁻¹	1.4 ± 0.0*	1.3 ± 0.0	1.3 ± 0.0 *	1.3 ± 0.0
	Fructose + glucose/sucrose ratio
Control	4.3 ± 0.3	2.3 ± 0.2	2.5 ± 0.0	2.6 ± 0.1
Chitosan 100 mg·L⁻¹	3.6 ± 0.2*	2.1 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.3	3.1 ± 0.7
Chitosan 500 mg·L⁻¹	3.4 ± 0.1*	2.1 ± 0.2	2.4 ± 0.0	2.6 ± 0.2
	Citric acid/quinic acid ratio
Control	1.2 ± 0.0	1.2 ± 0.0	1.2 ± 0.0	1.2 ± 0.0
Chitosan 100 mg·L⁻¹	1.3 ± 0.0 *	1.2 ± 0.0	1.1 ± 0.0 *	1.1 ± 0.0
Chitosan 500 mg·L⁻¹	1.4 ± 0.0 *	1.1 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.1