Table 2.
Univariate model of neighborhood factors and the community incidence of COVID-19 in Harris County, Texas, between 23 June 2020 and 3 August 2020. Harris County census tracts (N = 786).
| Independent Variables | Coeff. | Coeff. 95% CI | IRR | IRR 95% CI | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race, ethnicity, nativity | |||||||
| % Non-Hispanic White pop | −0.099 | −0.108 | −0.091 | 0.906 | 0.989 | 0.991 | <0.001 |
| % Black or African American pop | 0.043 | 0.029 | 0.056 | 1.044 | 1.003 | 1.006 | <0.001 |
| % Asian pop. | −0.105 | −0.139 | −0.071 | 0.900 | 0.986 | 0.993 | <0.001 |
| % Other race + two or more races pop | −0.755 | −0.906 | −0.605 | 0.470 | 0.913 | 0.941 | <0.001 |
| % Hispanic or Latino pop | 0.074 | 0.064 | 0.083 | 1.077 | 1.006 | 1.008 | <0.001 |
| % Foreign-born pop. who is not a United States citizen | 0.109 | 0.090 | 0.128 | 1.115 | 1.009 | 1.013 | <0.001 |
| Socioeconomic disadvantage | |||||||
| Area Deprivation Index (ADI) | 0.710 | 0.627 | 0.792 | 2.034 | 1.873 | 2.208 | <0.001 |
| Disaster vulnerabilities | |||||||
| % of households with no vehicle available | 0.266 | 0.225 | 0.307 | 1.305 | 1.023 | 1.031 | <0.001 |
| % of adults 18 y and over who have limited English ability | 0.104 | 0.090 | 0.118 | 1.109 | 1.009 | 1.012 | <0.001 |
| % of pop. with a disability | 0.153 | 0.091 | 0.215 | 1.166 | 1.009 | 1.022 | <0.001 |
| % of pop. with no health insurance coverage | 0.186 | 0.166 | 0.206 | 1.204 | 1.017 | 1.021 | <0.001 |
| Over 65 years old | |||||||
| % of pop. that is 65 y and over | −0.097 | −0.150 | −0.043 | 0.908 | 0.985 | 0.996 | <0.001 |
| % of pop. 65 y and over who lives alone | 0.033 | 0.013 | 0.052 | 1.033 | 1.001 | 1.005 | 0.001 |
| % of pop. 65 y and over with a disability | 0.063 | 0.044 | 0.083 | 1.065 | 1.004 | 1.008 | <0.001 |
| % of pop. 65 y and over living in quarters | 0.035 | −0.005 | 0.075 | 1.035 | 0.999 | 1.007 | 0.090 |
| Occupation | |||||||
| % Health and healthcare support | −0.025 | −0.148 | 0.098 | 0.976 | 0.985 | 1.010 | 0.693 |
| % Human services | −0.109 | −0.173 | −0.045 | 0.897 | 0.983 | 0.996 | 0.001 |
| % Management, science, technology | −0.075 | −0.084 | −0.066 | 0.928 | 0.992 | 0.993 | <0.001 |
| % Mobile workers, construction, maintenance | 0.034 | 0.016 | 0.052 | 1.034 | 1.002 | 1.005 | <0.001 |
| % Food preparation | 0.260 | 0.194 | 0.326 | 1.296 | 1.020 | 1.033 | <0.001 |
| % Personal care | 0.215 | 0.107 | 0.323 | 1.240 | 1.011 | 1.033 | <0.001 |
| % Education/Training/Library | −0.427 | −0.477 | −0.377 | 0.652 | 0.953 | 0.963 | <0.001 |
| Access to technology | |||||||
| % of households that have no computer, smartphone, or tablet | 0.196 | 0.172 | 0.220 | 1.217 | 1.017 | 1.022 | <0.001 |
| % Households with cellular data plan; no other type of internet | 0.182 | 0.159 | 0.205 | 1.200 | 1.016 | 1.021 | <0.001 |
| % of households with no internet access | 0.161 | 0.144 | 0.179 | 1.175 | 1.014 | 1.018 | <0.001 |
| Senior care facilities | |||||||
| No. of assisted living inside census tract | −0.314 | −0.619 | −0.009 | 0.731 | 0.940 | 0.999 | 0.044 |
| Capacity of assisted living inside census tract | −0.016 | −0.023 | −0.010 | 0.984 | 0.998 | 0.999 | <0.001 |
| No. of nursing homes inside census tract | −0.402 | −1.084 | 0.280 | 0.669 | 0.897 | 1.028 | 0.248 |
| Capacity of nursing homes inside census tract | −0.002 | −0.007 | 0.004 | 0.998 | 0.999 | 1.000 | 0.575 |
Note: The relative risk for COVID-19 is reported per 10-unit increase in the magnitude of each neighborhood-level explanatory variable. CI, Confidence Interval; IRR, Incidence Rate Ratios.