Figure 6.

Schematic representation of NDH-dependent CET in OsCRP1 overexpressing plants under abiotic stress conditions. In OsCRP1 overexpressing plants, binding affinity of OsCRP1 to NDH complex RNAs was increased under stress conditions, leading to stabilization of transcripts from NDH complex genes. Hence, the activity of NDH-dependent CET was increased, and protons from the stroma were transferred into the thylakoid lumen, resulting in acidification. The protons drive ATP synthesis, maintaining an optimal NADPH/ATP ratio. Drought and cold stress both induce an increase in ATP demand that may be fulfilled by NDH-dependent CET around photosystem I (PSI).