Table 3.
Longitudinal association between age-standardised prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and socioeconomic, lifestyle and health indicators in 139 countries from 1990 to 2017
| Model* | Standardised fixed effects† | SE | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Intercept) |
6069.5 |
139.6 |
<0.0001 |
| Aging rate (%) |
165.9 |
46.9 |
0.0004 |
| Gross domestic product (US$1000/capita) |
34.0 |
14.6 |
0.0197 |
| Age-standardised education (year) |
-524.5 |
109.9 |
<0.0001 |
| Mean systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
133.7 |
23.6 |
<0.0001 |
| Age-standardised smoking prevalence (%) |
51.1 |
30.7 |
0.0960 |
| Age-standardised total physical activity (MET-min/week/1000) |
-514.8 |
95.6 |
<0.0001 |
| Mean body mass index (kg/m2) |
398.8 |
45.8 |
<0.0001 |
| Year | 396.5 | 36.8 | <0.0001 |
MET – metabolic equivalent, SE – standard error
*A generalised linear mixed-effects model was used with random intercept by country and random slope by year. The model was selected using the backward stepwise selection method, and energy and alcohol supply were excluded.
†Standardised independent variables (mean, 0; standard deviation, 1) were used in the analysis.