Table 2.
Average Hausdorff distance and mean surface distance for deep learning-based segmentation for unmatched set (DLSu), matched training set (DLSm), and contouring from deformable image registration of primary planning computed tomography (DIR).
| Hausdorff Distance (mm) | Mean Surface Distance (mm) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DLSu | DLSm | DIR | DLSu | DLSm | DIR | |
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |
| All | 3.04 ** ± 0.36 | 2.79 * ± 0.22 | 4.19 † ± 0.74 | 1.05 ** ± 0.10 | 0.98 * ± 0.07 | 1.61 † ± 0.31 |
| Central organs | ||||||
| Brainstem | 2.96 ± 0.34 | 3.13 ± 0.43 | 3.25 ± 0.86 | 1.20 ** ± 0.22 | 1.29 ± 0.28 | 1.26 † ± 0.43 |
| Spinal cord | 2.09 ** ± 0.48 | 2.10 ± 0.50 | 3.97 † ± 2.15 | 0.84 ** ± 0.24 | 0.82 ± 0.21 | 1.56 † ± 0.77 |
| Esophagus | 3.66 ± 2.15 | 3.04 ± 0.88 | 4.20 ± 1.44 | 1.28 ** ± 0.53 | 1.12 ± 0.23 | 1.62 † ± 0.58 |
| Oral cavity | 4.60 ± 1.42 | 4.28 ± 0.94 | 5.75 ± 2.71 | 1.70 ± 0.42 | 1.59 ± 0.30 | 2.15 † ± 0.93 |
| Pharynx | 3.53 ** ± 0.84 | 3.53 ± 0.52 | 5.18 † ± 2.05 | 1.39 ** ± 0.26 | 1.44 ± 0.20 | 2.01 † ± 0.80 |
| Larynx | 4.19 ** ± 1.48 | 4.26 ± 1.34 | 6.54 † ± 2.39 | 1.61 ** ± 0.54 | 1.66 ± 0.52 | 2.54 † ± 1.06 |
| Bony structures | ||||||
| Mandible | 1.28 ** ± 0.27 | 1.27 ± 0.37 | 3.55 † ± 2.64 | 0.48 ± 0.12 | 0.47 ± 0.09 | 1.31 ± 0.87 |
| R_cochlea | 2.36 ± 0.60 | 2.26 ± 0.52 | 2.70 ± 0.89 | 0.74 ± 0.22 | 0.70 ± 0.22 | 0.97 ± 0.43 |
| L_cochlea | 2.61 ± 0.53 | 2.40 ± 0.67 | 2.47 ± 0.66 | 0.83 ± 0.19 | 0.73 ± 0.19 | 0.88 ± 0.39 |
| R_TMJ | 3.56 ± 1.27 | 4.13 ± 1.53 | 4.39 ± 1.99 | 1.22 ± 0.44 | 1.36 ± 0.44 | 1.55 ± 0.71 |
| L_TMJ | 3.29 ± 0.86 | 3.36 ± 1.14 | 3.61 ± 1.34 | 1.17 ± 0.31 | 1.14 ± 0.30 | 1.29 ± 0.54 |
| Glandular structures | ||||||
| R_parotidG | 3.91 ± 1.09 | 3.16 * ± 0.41 | 5.36 ± 2.27 | 1.41 ** ± 0.33 | 1.18 * ± 0.18 | 2.25 † ± 0.97 |
| L_parotidG | 3.78 ± 0.66 | 3.32 * ± 0.61 | 5.08 ± 2.02 | 1.43 ** ± 0.22 | 1.25 * ± 0.16 | 2.17 † ± 0.83 |
| R_SMG | 4.01 ± 2.18 | 2.45 * ± 0.78 | 5.03 ± 1.80 | 1.30 ** ± 0.64 | 0.84 * ± 0.22 | 2.09 † ± 0.73 |
| L_SMG | 3.60 ** ± 1.15 | 2.72 * ± 0.82 | 4.99 † ± 1.75 | 1.20 ** ± 0.38 | 0.96 * ± 0.29 | 2.08 † ± 0.83 |
| Thyroid | 2.56 ** ± 2.57 | 2.28 ± 0.89 | 4.83 † ± 1.90 | 0.84 ** ± 0.58 | 0.76 ± 0.17 | 1.88 † ± 0.79 |
| Optic apparatus | ||||||
| R_eye | 2.05 ** ± 0.40 | 1.94 ± 0.38 | 3.11 † ± 0.73 | 0.72 ** ± 0.14 | 0.68 ± 0.14 | 1.25 † ± 0.45 |
| L_eye | 2.12 ** ± 0.42 | 2.13 ± 0.53 | 3.53 † ± 1.17 | 0.75 ± 0.13 | 0.78 ± 0.19 | 1.36 † ± 0.58 |
| R_lens | 1.90 ** ± 0.90 | 1.71 ± 0.84 | 3.41 † ± 1.47 | 0.59 ** ± 0.22 | 0.56 ± 0.23 | 1.40 † ± 0.75 |
| L_lens | 1.85 ** ± 0.93 | 1.94 ± 0.99 | 4.15 † ± 2.01 | 0.63 ** ± 0.32 | 0.59 ± 0.22 | 1.75 † ± 1.05 |
| R_optic nerve | 2.74 ± 1.30 | 2.57 ± 0.86 | 3.43 ± 1.02 | 0.74 ** ± 0.25 | 0.74 ± 0.17 | 1.07 † ± 0.37 |
| L_optic nerve | 3.58 ± 3.09 | 2.44 ± 0.74 | 3.57 ± 1.09 | 0.91 ** ± 0.50 | 0.71 ± 0.20 | 1.11 † ± 0.39 |
| Optic chiasm | 3.64 ± 0.95 | 3.67 ± 0.93 | 4.25 ± 1.46 | 1.18 ** ± 0.38 | 1.24 ± 0.40 | 1.57 † ± 0.50 |
Footnotes: Statistically significant difference (p value of < 0.0167) after the Wilcoxon signed rank test between DLSm and DLSu (*), between DLSm and DIR (†), and between DLSu and DIR (**). Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; R, right; L, left; TMJ, temporomandibular joint; parotidG, parotid gland; SMG, submandibular gland.