| QTL | quantitative trait loci |
| RIL | recombinant inbred line |
| HS | heat stress |
| HII | heat injury index |
| SY | Shunyi |
| NK | Nankou |
| CG | core germplasm |
| SSR | simple sequence repeat |
| RAPD | random amplified polymorphic DNA |
| R/QTL | QTL software package in R |
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