Table 2.
Health-related characteristics.
| Health-Related Characteristics | Control Group | CO2 Group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T0 | T1 | p-Value | T0 | T1 | p-Value | |
| Waist circumference, cm | ||||||
| Men | 106.8 (±11.1) | 104.8 (±11.1) | 0.95 | 102.9 (±9.5) | 103.1 (±7.8) | 0.23 |
| Women | 93.1 (±14.0) | 92.2 (±14.0) | 0.92 | 97.9 (±10.8) | 96.9 (±10.9) | 0.89 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | ||||||
| Men | 0.99 (±0.03) | 0.97 (±0.02) | 0.98 | 0.96 (±0.05) | 0.97 (±0.03) | 0.18 |
| Women | 0.88 (±0.05) | 0.88 (±0.05) | 0.40 | 0.93 (±0.03) | 0.93 (±0.03) | 0.53 |
| Ankle–brachial index | 1.1 (±0.2) | 1.1 (±0.2) | 0.91 | 1.0 (±0.2) | 1.0 (±0.2) | 0.86 |
| Fasting glucose, (mg/dL) | 112.1 (±26.8) | 110.8 (±22.0) | 0.81 | 114.4 (±29.3) | 118.5 (±34.2) | 0.59 |
| Glycated hemoglobin, (%) | 5.9 (±0.5) | 6.0 (±0.6) | 0.99 | 6.1 (±0.7) | 6.1 (±0.7) | 0.99 |
| Total cholesterol, (mg/dL) | 184.7 (±43.3) | 184.0 (±37.1) | 0.98 | 180.5 (±41.0) | 174.6 (±39.8) | 0.98 |
| LDL-cholesterol, (mg/dL) | 112.0 (±40.2) | 113.4 (±34.7) | 0.67 | 116.1 (±40.4) | 110.9 (±40.8) | 0.95 |
| HDL-cholesterol, (mg/dL) | 62.0 (±16.1) | 60.5 (±16.1) | 1.00 | 52.3 (±13.3) | 53.5 (±12.4) | 1.00 |
| Triglycerides, (mg/dL) | 135.2 (±67.9) | 133.0 (±68.4) | 0.98 | 166.7 (±102.4) | 135.5 (±66.6) | 0.99 |
| C-reactive protein, (mg/L) | 2.5 (±2.1) | 3.0 (±3.6) | 0.79 | 2.6 (±1.8) | 4.1 (±4.4) | 0.99 |
| Homocysteine, (mol/L) | 13.3 (±2.5) | 13.4 (±3.2) | 0.86 | 16.3 (±6.1) | 15.7 (±5.5) | 0.27 |
| Systolic blood pressure, (mmHg) | 140.0 (±22.0) | 139.7 (±22.7) | 0.28 | 157.8 (±23.3) | 153.5 (±19.4) | 0.99 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, (mmHg) | 72.2 (±10.6) | 72.2 (±10.8) | 0.84 | 79.4 (±11.6) | 80.0 (±10.5) | 0.79 |
Unless otherwise stated, data are presented as mean (standard deviation). p-value was calculated by two-sample t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. T0—measurements taken before intervention; T1—measurements taken after 10 sham or dry CO2 baths. HDL—high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL—low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol.