Table 4.
Frequency of cognitive outcomes assessed for the two most common physical activity interventions and the direction of change.
| Physical Activity/Exercise/Movement Therapy | Equine-Assisted Therapy | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes (Total Number of Studies) |
Frequency n (%) |
Number of Positive Results | Frequency n (%) |
Number of Positive Results |
| Cognitive flexibility (7 studies) |
5 (71.4) | 4 | 0 (0) | 0 |
| Cognitive control (15 studies) |
6 (40) | 6 | 3 (20) | 2 |
| Working Memory (8 studies) |
7 (87.5) | 6 | 0 (0) | 0 |
| Attention (37 studies) |
11 (29.7) | 11 | 9 (24.3) | 5 |
| Language (5 studies) |
2 (40) | 2 | 3 (60) | 2 |
| Cognitive performance (1 study) |
1 (100) | 1 | 0 (0) | 0 |
| Cognitive process (2 studies) |
1 (50) | 1 | 0 (0) | 0 |
| Planning (3 studies) |
1 (33.3) | 1 | 1 (33.3) | 1 |
| Academic Achievement (4 studies) |
3 (75) | 2 | 1 (25) | 1 |
| Academic Engagement (2 studies) |
2 (100) | 2 | 0 (0) | 0 |
| Academic Performance (3 studies) |
2 (66.7) | 2 | 0 (0) | 0 |
| Fluid intelligence (1 study) |
1 (100) | 1 | 0 (0) | 0 |
| Alertness and Speed (4 studies) |
3 (75) | 3 | 1(25) | 1 |