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. 2021 Feb 9;22(4):1728. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041728

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Photodynamic effect of plant virus nanoparticles carrying antitumor drugs. The photosensitizer Zn-EpPor and the drug crystal violet doxorubicin (DOX) stably bind to the VLP of the coat protein of the Physalis mottle virus (PhMV) through noncovalent interactions and are cytotoxic to several cancer cell lines under 430-nm near-infrared laser irradiation. PhMV: Physalis mottle virus; Zn-EpPor: 5-(4-ethynylphenyl)-10,15,20-tris(4-methylpyridin-4-ium-1-yl)porphyrin-zinc(II) triiodide.