Table 4.
Social isolation and frailty on health outcomes with interactions.
| ADL | IADL | Chronic Diseases | Depression | Cognitive Function | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Coef. | CI < 0.95 | CI > 0.95 | Coef. | CI < 0.95 | CI > 0.95 | Coef. | CI < 0.95 | CI > 0.95 | Coef. | CI < 0.95 | CI > 0.95 | Coef. | CI < 0.95 | CI > 0.95 |
| Intercept | 8.151 | 6.224 | 10.077 | 10.053 | 7.923 | 12.184 | 3.131 | 1.895 | 4.368 | 8.337 | 6.221 | 10.453 | 7.713 | 6.627 | 8.800 |
| Frailty | |||||||||||||||
| Frail | 1.507 | 1.059 | 1.954 | 2.385 | 1.763 | 3.007 | 1.453 | 1.148 | 1.759 | 2.566 | 2.121 | 3.011 | −0.702 | −0.945 | −0.459 |
| Prefrail | 0.602 | 0.281 | 0.924 | 0.653 | 0.383 | 0.923 | 0.995 | 0.796 | 1.193 | 1.074 | 0.833 | 1.316 | −0.361 | −0.533 | −0.190 |
|
Social
participation |
-- | -- | -- | 0.249 | 0.122 | 0.376 | -- | -- | -- | 0.194 | 0.057 | 0.331 | −0.072 | −0.129 | −0.016 |
| Friends | |||||||||||||||
| Social Network |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Social Support | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | −0.097 | −0.221 | 0.026 |
| No Friends | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.415 | 0.117 | 0.714 | −0.489 | −1.026 | 0.048 |
| Children | |||||||||||||||
| Social Network |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Social Support | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | −0.155 | −0.287 | −0.024 | −0.361 | −0.533 | −0.189 | -- | -- | -- |
| No Children* | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | −0.474 | −1.071 | 0.122 | −1.408 | −2.157 | −0.658 | -- | -- | -- |
| Extended Family | |||||||||||||||
| Social Network Grandchildren |
0.169 | 0.048 | 0.291 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.061 | 0.005 | 0.117 |
| No Grandchildren | 0.051 | −0.329 | 0.431 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.032 | -0.126 | 0.190 |
| Social Network sibling |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| No siblings | −0.516 | −1.354 | 0.322 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Social Support- Family |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | −0.207 | −0.328 | −0.087 | -- | -- | -- |
| Partner | |||||||||||||||
| Social Support | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | −0.998 | −1.468 | −0.529 | 0.252 | 0.003 | 0.501 |
| No Partner | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | −2.030 | −3.071 | −0.990 | 0.545 | −0.009 | 1.100 |
| Interactions | |||||||||||||||
| Social Participation | |||||||||||||||
| Frail | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.209 | −0.102 | 0.520 | -- | -- | -- |
| Prefrail | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.270 | 0.071 | 0.469 | -- | -- | -- |
| No Siblings | |||||||||||||||
| Frail | 1.758 | 0.566 | 2.950 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Prefrail | 0.305 | −0.677 | 1.287 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Social Support – Friends | |||||||||||||||
| Frail | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.420 | 0.166 | 0.674 |
| Prefrail | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.138 | −0.042 | 0.317 |
| No Friends | |||||||||||||||
| Frail | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1.293 | 0.281 | 2.305 |
| Prefrail | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.239 | −0.527 | 1.006 |
| Summary of Model fits | |||||||||||||||
| LL | Parameters | AIC | BIC | Adjusted BIC | |||||||||||
| Model without interaction (LLh0) | −10,822.63 | 83 | 21,811.26 | 22,259.81 | 21,996.13 | ||||||||||
| Model with interaction (LLh1) | −10,806.33 | 91 | 21,794.66 | 22,286.45 | 21,997.36 | ||||||||||
| -2 (LLh0 -LLh1) |
32.59 | 8 | 16.6 | −26.64 | −1.23 | ||||||||||
Statistically significant associations are highlighted in bold. Non-statistically significant associations are indicated by two hyphens [--]. Coefficient values in plain numbers are the non-statistically significant coefficient of the categories of statistically significant independent variables. LL: log likelihood; AIC: Akaike’s Information Criterion; BIC: Bayesian Information Criterion.