Table 2.
Comparisons between continuous mental health scores of Austrian and UK samples in those with severe PHQ9 depressive symptoms. b. Comparisons between continuous mental health scores of Austrian and UK samples in those with severe GAD-7 anxiety symptoms. c. Comparisons between continuous mental health scores of Austrian and UK samples in those with severe ISI insomnia symptoms.
| a | ||||
| Scale | Sample | Statistic | ||
|
Austria
N = 31 |
UK
N = 122 |
Before
PS Correction |
After
PS Correction |
|
| Depression (PHQ-9) M (SD) |
22.71 (2.21) | 23.27 (2.52) | t(51.71) = −1.23; p > 0.05; g = 0.23 |
t(150) = −1.15; p > 0.05; g = 0.23 |
| Anxiety (GAD-7) M (SD) |
17.68 (3.10) | 17.70 (3.68) | t(53.60) = −0.04; p > 0.05; g = 0.01 |
t(150) = −0.11; p > 0.05; g = 0.01 |
| Insomnia (ISI) M (SD) |
17.71 (5.92) | 18.05 (6.15) | t(47.81) = −0.28; p > 0.05; g = 0.06 |
t(150) = −0.32; p > 0.05; g = 0.06 |
| Psychological Health (WHOQOL BREF) M (SD) |
25.73 (18.16) | 36.00 (23.29) | t(57.81) = −2.65; p = 0.01; g = 0.99 |
t(150) = −2.6; p < 0.01; g = 0.46 |
| Well-Being (WHO-5) M (SD) |
4.29 (3.18) | 7.20 (6.24) | t(95.12) = −3.63; p < 0.001; g = 0.50 |
t(150) = −2.78; p < 0.01; g = 0.50 |
| Stress (PSS-10) M (SD) |
31.97 (4.46) | 27.21 (5.79) | t(58.55) = −4.97; p < 0.001; g = 0.85 |
t(150) = 4.54; p < 0.0001; g = −0.85 |
| b | ||||
| Scale | Sample | Statistic | ||
|
Austria
N = 60 |
UK
N = 190 |
Before
PS correction |
After
PS correction |
|
| Depression (PHQ-9) M (SD) |
17.65 (5.65) | 19.54 (5.45) | t(96.07) = −2.27; p = 0.03; g = 0.34 |
t(247) = −2.33; p < 0.05; g = 0.34 |
| Anxiety (GAD-7) M (SD) |
17.43 (2.24) | 18.26 (2.19) | t(97.04) = −2.50; p = 0.01; g = 0.37 |
t(247) = −2.5; p < 0.01; g = 0.37 |
| Insomnia (ISI) M (SD) |
16.08 (6.51) | 16.71 (6.54) | t(99.38) = −6.50; p > 0.05; g = 0.09 |
t(247) = −6.27; p > 0.05; g = 0.09 |
| Psychological Health (WHOQOL BREF) M (SD) |
38.04 (19.34) | 37.17 (20.37) | t(103.63) = 0.30; p > 0.05; g = 0.04 |
t(247) = 2.63; p > 0.05; g = 0.04 |
| Well-Being (WHO-5) M (SD) |
6.53 (4.30) | 7.67 (5.71) | t(130.29) = −1.65; p < 0.01; g = 0.21 |
t(247) = 2.94; p < 0.05; g = 0.21 |
| Stress (PSS-10) M (SD) |
29.17 (5.51) | 26.51 (5.72) | t(102.37)= 3.23; p < 0.01; g = 0.47 |
t(247) = 3.48; p < 0.001; g = −0.47 |
| c | ||||
| Scale | Sample | Statistic | ||
|
Austria
N = 22 |
UK
N = 73 |
Before
PS correction |
After
PS correction |
|
| Depression (PHQ-9) M (SD) |
16.91 (7.14) | 18.55 (7.21) | t(34.95) = −0.94; p > 0.05; g = 0.23 |
t(92) = −1.13; p > 0.05; g = 0.23 |
| Anxiety (GAD-7) M (SD) |
14.73 (4.89) | 15.55 (6.03) | t(42.07) = −0.65; p > 0.05; g = 0.14 |
t(92) = −0.72; p > 0.05; g = 0.14 |
| Insomnia (ISI) M (SD) |
23.95 (1.84) | 24.42 (2.09) | t(38.79) = −1.02; p > 0.05; g = 0.23 |
t(92) = −1.08; p > 0.05; g = 0.23 |
| Psychological Health (WHOQOL BREF) M (SD) |
46.14 (23.95) | 39.67 (21.93) | t(32.35) = 1.13; p > 0.05; g = 0.29 |
t(92) = 0.57; p > 0.05; g = −0.29 |
| Well-Being (WHO-5) M (SD) |
7.27 (5.25) | 7.71 (6.17) | t(40.14) = −0.33; p > 0.05; g = 0.07 |
t(92) = −0.78; p > 0.05; g = 0.07 |
| Stress (PSS-10) M (SD) |
27.55 (7.35) | 25.52 (6.27) | t(30.80) = 1.17; p > 0.05; g = 0.31 |
t(92) = −1.93; p > 0.05; g = −0.31 |
M: mean score; SD: standard deviation, p: p-values (2-tailed); T: T-test; g: Hedges’ g; ISI: Insomnia Severity Index, GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 scale; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire 9 scale; PSS-10: Perceived Stress Scale 10; WHO-5: WHO well-being questionnaire; WHOQOL-BREF: short version of the WHO Quality of Life questionnaire, PS: Propensity Score.