Table 3.
Characteristics of the sample and differences between the two groups of comparison.
| No Cognitive Impairment (n = 20) |
Cognitive Impairment (n = 31) |
p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (n) | % (n) | ||||
| Gender | 0.360 * | ||||
| Male | 40 (8) | 25.8 (8) | |||
| Female | 60 (12) | 74.2 (23) | |||
| Educational Level | <0.001 ** | ||||
| Illiterate | 0 (0) | 45.2 (14) | |||
| Primary education | 30 (6) | 31.4 (16) | |||
| Secondary education | 35 (7) | 27.5 (14) | |||
| Higher education | 35 (7) | 13.7 (7) | |||
| Socioeconomic status | 0.004 * | ||||
| Level I | 35 (7) | 3.2 (1) | |||
| Level II | 10 (2) | 3.2 (1) | |||
| Level III | 55 (11) | 93.5 (29) | |||
| Mean (SD) | Median (25–75% interquartile range) | Mean (SD) | Median (25–75% interquartile range) | ||
| Age | 62.40 (5.51) | 62 (58.50–64.50) | 76.97 (10.66) | 81 (64–86) | <0.001 *** |
| MoCA Score | 27.20 (1.20) | 27 (26–28) | 15.84 (6.05) | 16 (10–22) | <0.001 *** |
| ROC | 4.55 (0.95) | 5 (5–5) | 2.97 (1.02) | 3 (2–3) | <0.001 *** |
| ROCUS | 4.95 (0.22) | 5(5–5) | 3.10 (1.14) | 3 (2–4) | <0.001 *** |
| ROC-d (s) | 501.05 (161.30) | 484 (366–610) | 667.76 (338.42) | 642 (327–909) | 0.150 *** |
| Physical ADLs-RTI-2 | 5.13 (0.04) | 5.14 (5.14–5.14) | 4.35 (0.77) | 4.43 (3.86–5) | <0.001 *** |
| Grooming | 5 (0) | 5 (5–5) | 4.32 (0.83) | 5 (4–5) | <0.001 *** |
| Dressing | 5 (0) | 5 (5–5) | 4.39 (0.96) | 5 (4–5) | 0.002 *** |
| Bathing | 5 (0) | 5 (5–5) | 4.16 (1.19) | 5 (4–5) | <0.001 *** |
| Walking/Exercising | 4.90 (0.31) | 5 (5–5) | 4.06 (1.12) | 4 (4–5) | 0.001 *** |
| Eating | 5 (0) | 5 (5–5) | 4.45 (0.57) | 4 (4–5) | <0.001 *** |
| Toileting | 5 (0) | 5 (5–5) | 4.68 (0.48) | 5 (4–5) | 0.005 *** |
| Taking Medication | 6 (0) | 6 (6–6) | 4.35 (1.31) | 4 (3–6) | <0.001 *** |
| IADLs-RTI-2 | 5.31 (0.78) | 5.64 (4.93–5.86) | 3.42 (1.22) | 2.86 (2.43–4.29) | <0.001 *** |
| Housekeeping | 4.30 (1.38) | 5 (4.25–5) | 2.81(1.66) | 3 (1–5) | 0.002 *** |
| Preparing and securing food | 5.10 (1.65) | 6 (4.50–6) | 3.23 (1.67) | 2 (2–5) | 0.001 *** |
| Spending Money | 5.35 (1.35) | 6 (6–6) | 3.61(1.52) | 3 (3–6) | <0.001 *** |
| Shopping | 5.80 (0.89) | 6 (6–6) | 3.26 (1.53) | 2 (2–4) | <0.001 *** |
| Doing Laundry | 5.25 (1.25) | 6 (4.25–6) | 3.77 (1.23) | 3 (3–5) | <0.001 *** |
| Traveling | 5.45 (0.95) | 6 (5–6) | 3.32 (1.40) | 3 (2–4) | <0.001 *** |
| Telephoning | 5.95 (0.22) | 6 (6–6) | 3.97 (1.45) | 3 (3–6) | <0.001 *** |
Level I: Directors, managers and professionals with university training; Level II: intermediate occupations and self-employed; Level III: Manual workers; *: Chi-square test; **: Fisher’s exact test; ***: Mann–Whitney test.