Table 6.
Association between intake of alcoholic beverages containing polyphenols and metabolic outcomes in the study sample.
| Hypertension | Type-2 Diabetes | Dyslipidemia | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | |
| Red wine | |||||||||
| Model 1 a | 1 | 0.61 (0.44–0.85) |
0.71 (0.52–0.97) |
1 | 0.43 (0.25–0.73) |
0.65 (0.39–1.09) |
1 | 0.62 (0.43–0.90) |
0.81 (0.56–1.16) |
| Model 2 b | 1 | 0.55 (0.37–0.82) |
0.61 (0.41–0.90) |
1 | 0.34 (0.18–0.64) |
0.63 (0.35–1.15) |
1 | 0.41 (0.26–0.66) |
0.74 (0.47–1.16) |
| Model 3 c | 1 | 0.57 (0.38–0.86) |
0.61 (0.41–0.90) |
1 | 0.37 (0.19–0.71) |
0.65 (0.36–1.18) |
1 | 0.39 (0.24–0.63) |
0.71 (0.45–1.12) |
| White wine | |||||||||
| Model 1 a | 1 | 0.78 (0.61–1.00) |
0.67 (0.41–1.10) |
1 | 0.89 (0.56–1.42) |
0.42 (0.15–1.17) |
1 | 0.82 (0.60–1.13) |
0.85 (0.47–1.53) |
| Model 2 b | 1 | 0.85 (0.63–1.14) |
0.69 (0.38–1.25) |
1 | 0.76 (0.44–1.30) |
0.15 (0.03–0.76) |
1 | 0.79 (0.54–1.16) |
1.03 (0.51–2.09) |
| Model 3 c | 1 | 0.85 (0.63–1.15) |
0.69 (0.38–1.26) |
1 | 0.75 (0.43–1.28) |
0.14 (0.03–0.75) |
1 | 0.81 (0.55–1.18) |
1.00 (0.49–2.04) |
| Beer | |||||||||
| Model 1 a | 1 | 0.79 (0.62–1.00) |
0.59 (0.46–0.76) |
1 | 0.88 (0.58–1.34) |
0.38 (0.22–0.66) |
1 | 0.94 (0.71–1.26) |
0.78 (0.56–1.08) |
| Model 2 b | 1 | 0.78 (0.58–1.04) |
0.61 (0.45–0.83) |
1 | 0.94 (0.57–1.56) |
0.51 (0.28–0.91) |
1 | 1.03 (0.71–1.48) |
1.13 (0.77–1.67) |
| Model 3 c | 1 | 0.78 (0.58–1.04) |
0.61 (0.45–0.83) |
1 | 0.94 (0.57–1.56) |
0.51 (0.28–0.92) |
1 | 1.05 (0.73–1.52) |
1.14 (0.77–1.68) |
Results are expressed as OR (95% CI); a Adjusted for total energy intake and all beverages investigated; b Adjusted as model 1 plus age, sex, educational status, smoking status, physical activity level; c Adjusted as model 2 plus adherence to the Mediterranean diet.