Table 7.
Dietary factor distribution through sample-level grouping by polyphenol-rich beverage consumption.
| Polyphenol-Rich Beverage Consumption | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | ptrend | |
| Tea (mL/d) | 77.5 (180.3) | 75.7 (135.3) | 68.0 (136.9) | 0.294 |
| Coffee (mL/d) | 47.6 (51.9) | 58.9 (44.9) | 67.6 (39.5) | <0.001 |
| Red wine (mL/d) | 6.0 (26.7) | 43.1 (91.3) | 53.9 (80.4) | <0.001 |
| White wine (mL/d) | 3.4 (37.0) | 8.7 (34.8) | 26.4 (44.1) | <0.001 |
| Beer (mL/d) | 3.3 (14.3) | 37.1 (104.7) | 100.1 (160.0) | <0.001 |
| Fresh citrus juice (mL/d) | 11.8 (49.3) | 25.2 (70.1) | 41.0 (92.9) | <0.001 |
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 2051.0 (717.3) | 2039.8 (798.6) | 2246.8 (905.6) | <0.001 |
| Energy intake (kJ/d) | 8296.3 (2938.4) | 8238.0 (3324.9) | 9163.8 (3741.4) | <0.001 |
| Macronutrients | ||||
| Carbohydrates (g/d) | 309.0 (121.8) | 298.2 (129.9) | 317.1 (129.9) | 0.209 |
| Fiber (g/d) | 31.4 (11.9) | 31.1 (13.3) | 32.2 (16.5) | 0.319 |
| Protein (g/d) | 85.2 (28.4) | 82.1 (27.5) | 86.4 (31.5) | 0.361 |
| Fat (g/d) | 60.2 (22.0) | 59.9 (26.5) | 67.6 (32.9) | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol (mg/d) | 195.6 (100.7) | 182.4 (82.3) | 197.9 (88.3) | 0.472 |
| SFA % | 23.5 (9.3) | 22.4 (9.4) | 25.2 (10.4) | 0.002 |
| MUFA % | 25.2 (8.0) | 24.6 (8.5) | 26.3 (9.9) | 0.030 |
| PUFA % | 11.1 (4.7) | 12.1 (6.5) | 14.9 (9.7) | <0.001 |
| Total Omega-3 g | 1.7 (0.8) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.7) | 0.019 |
| Micronutrients | ||||
| Vitamin A (Retinol) | 831.2 (357.8) | 891.6 (438.3) | 856.5 (455.4) | 0.473 |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 140.9 (80.7) | 159.0 (84.9) | 167.4 (120.6) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin E (mg/d) | 8.2 (2.9) | 8.5 (3.1) | 9.0 (3.8) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B12 | 6.2 (4.5) | 6.1 (3.8) | 6.6 (6.1) | 0.093 |
| Vitamin D | 5.6 (6.1) | 5.3 (4.7) | 5.2 (4.7) | 0.159 |
| Sodium (mg/d) | 2770.1 (1183.4) | 2752.6 (1008.2) | 3036.7 (1137.3) | <0.001 |
| Potassium (mg/d) | 3471.2 (1109.6) | 3627.4 (1276.0) | 3805.9 (1644.6) | <0.001 |
| Polyphenols | ||||
| Total polyphenols | 516.9 (339.5) | 698.4 (775.0) | 715.4 (475.8) | <0.001 |
| Flavonoids | 211.3 (189.3) | 263.4 (186.4) | 286.3 (217.6) | <0.001 |
| Phenolic acids | 271.7 (242.4) | 393.1 (701.3) | 381.6 (316.0) | 0.002 |
| Stilbenes | 0.4 (1.2) | 2.1 (4.0) | 2.7 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| Lignans | 2.4 (1.8) | 2.9 (2.7) | 2.7 (2.8) | 0.076 |
Results are expressed as mean (SD).