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. 2021 Feb 9;22(4):1749. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041749

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Levels of human milk antibodies reactive to HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E S1 + S2 subunits between mothers with previous viral symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic (no PCR test) and unexposed mothers. (A,D) secretory IgA (SIgA)/IgA; B, E secretory IgM (SIgM)/IgM; (C,F) IgG. (A–C) S1 + S2 HCoV-OC43-reactive antibodies; (D–F) S1 + S2 HCoV-229E-reactive antibodies. Values are means ± SD, n = 20 for mothers with viral symptoms and n = 16 for unexposed mothers (Clt1-2018 pre-pandemic). Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the two groups. ns, not significant.