Table 1.
Study description of the included studies.
| Study (Author) | Year | Country | Design | Quality * | Disease | Patient (n = 2180) | Primary Closure ** (n = 1206) | Flap closure ** (n = 647) | Mesh Closure ** (n = 327) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ghouti et al. [21] | 2005 | France | Retrospective cohort study | 5 | Anal cancer | 41 | 15 | 26 | - |
| Chessin et al. [6] | 2005 | USA | Retrospective cohort study | 5 | Rectal cancer and anal cancer | 78 | 59 | 19 | - |
| Butler et al. [7] | 2008 | USA | Retrospective cohort study | 5 | Rectal and anal cancer | 111 | 76 | 35 | - |
| Lefevre et al. [22] | 2009 | France | Retrospective cohort study | 7 | Anal cancer | 95 | 52 | 43 | - |
| Chan et al. [23] | 2010 | UK | Retrospective cohort study | 4 | Rectal cancer | 51 | 21 | 30 | - |
| Stelzner et al. [24] | 2011 | Germany | Retrospective cohort study | 3 | Rectal cancer | 74 | 46 | 28 | - |
| Jacombs et al. [33] | 2012 | Australia | Retrospective cohort study | 5 | Rectal cancer | 203 | 164 | 39 | - |
| Chokshi et al. [32] | 2013 | USA | Retrospective cohort study | 5 | Rectal cancer, anal cancer, and other cancers | 53 | 36 | 17 | - |
| Davidge et al. [25] | 2014 | Canada | Retrospective cohort study | 4 | Rectal cancer | 177 | 125 | 52 | - |
| O’Dowd et al. [27] | 2014 | Ireland | Retrospective cohort study | 8 | Rectal cancer | 39 | 27 | 12 | - |
| Touny et al. [28] | 2014 | Egypt | RCT | 9 | Rectal cancer | 60 | 30 | 30 | - |
| Althumairi et al. [26] | 2015 | USA | Retrospective cohort study | 4 | Rectal cancer | 67 | 56 | 11 | - |
| Woodfield et al. [29] | 2017 | New Zeland | Retrospective cohort study | 3 | Rectal cancer, anal cancer, and other cancers | 68 | 37 | 31 | - |
| Chaudhry et al. [30] | 2018 | USA | Retrospective cohort study | 5 | Rectal cancer, anal cancer, and other cancers | 562 | 288 | 274 | - |
| Han et al. # [31] | 2014 | China | RCT | 9 | Rectal cancer | 102 | 19 | - | 83 |
| Musters et al. # [10] | 2017 | Netherlands | RCT | 9 | Rectal cancer | 101 | 53 | - | 48 |
| Habr-Gama et al. # [18] | 2017 | Brazil | Retrospective cohort study | 6 | Rectal cancer | 72 *** | 48 | - | 22 |
| Han et al. # [9] | 2019 | China | Retrospective cohort study | 6 | Rectal cancer | 228 | 54 | - | 174 |
* Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale. ** Patient included in analysis. *** 2 patients had a flap closure. # Mesh type: Han et al. [9,31], Human acellular dermal matrix (Ruinuo, Qingyuanweiye Bio-Tissue Engineer- ing Ltd., Beijing, China); Musters et al. [10], Strattice ®® LifeCell non-crosslinked dermis porcine; Habr-Gama et al. [18], Bio-A®® WL Gore synthetic bioabsorbable.