Table 2.

Comparison of the evolution history of diapedesis mechanisms by known important genes.

Species	In Both Migration Routes	Paracellular Only	Transcellular Only
T. adhaerens	CDC42, CTNNB1, MLCK, RAC1B, RHOA, RHOG, SRC, SRF, VASP and VWF	IQGAP1, LCK, TIAM1, TIMP1 and TIMP4, ZO orthologs	CAV orthologs, VAMP orthologs, and SNAP orthologs
N. vectensis	CDC42, CTNNB1, MLCK, RAC1B, RHOA, RHOG, SRC, SRF, VASP and VWF	IQGAP1, TIAM1, ZO orthologs	CAV orthologs, VAMP orthologs, and SNAP orthologs
C. elegans	CDC42, RAC1B, RHOA RHOG, SRC, SRF, VASP, MLCK and VWF	IQGAP1, TIAM1	CAV orthologs, VAMP orthologs, and SNAP orthologs
D. melanogaster	CDC42, CTNNB1, MLCK, RAC1B, RHOA, RHOG, SRC, SRF, VASP, VEGFA, and VWF	LCK, MMP2, TIAM1 and TIMP1	VAMP orthologs and SNAP orthologs
C. intestinalis	CDC42, CTNNB1, MLCK RAC1B, RHOA, SRC, SRF, VASP, VEGFA, VWF and CLDN5	IQGAP1, LCK, TIMP1 and ZO2	CAV orthologs, VAMP orthologs, and SNAP orthologs
P. marinus	CDC42, CTNNB1, MLCK, RAC1B, RHOA, RHOG, SRC, SRF, VASP, VEGFA and VWF	CLDN5, Cx43, IQGAP1, JAMC, JAML, LCK, MMP2, Occludin, TIAM1, ZO1, ZO2	CAV orthologs, VAMP orthologs, and SNAP orthologs
Marine vertebrates	CCL20, CDC42, CTNNB1, ICAM1, LSP1, MLCK, PANX1, RAC1B, RHOA, RHOG, SRC, SRF, VASP, VCAM1, VEGFA, and VWF	CLDN5, Cx43, ESAM, JAMA, JAMB, JAMC, LCK, MMP2, Occludin, TIAM1, VE-CADHERIN, ZO1, ZO2	CAV1, CAV2, SNAP23, SNAP25, VAMP2, VAMP3, VAMP8
Terrestrial vertebrates	CCL20, CDC42, CTNNB1, ICAM1, LSP1, MADCAM1, MLCK, PANX1, RAC1B, RHOA, RHOG, SRC, SRF, VASP, VCAM1, VEGFA and VWF	CLDN5, Cx43, ESAM, IQGAP1, JAMA, JAMB, JAMC, JAML, LCK, MMP2, Occludin, PECAM1, TIAM1, TIMP1, TIMP4, VE-CADHERIN, ZO1, ZO2, ZO3	CAV1, CAV2, CAVIN1, PLVAP, SNAP23, SNAP25, VAMP1, VAMP2, VAMP3, VAMP8