| ACE | Angiotensin Converting Enzyme |
| Ang | Angiotensin |
| AT1R | Angiotensin II Type-1 Receptor |
| ADAM17 | A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase17 |
| COX | cyclooxygenase |
| COVID-19 | Coronavirus disease 2019 |
| DAMPs | damage-associated molecular patterns |
| DMF | Dimethyl Fumarate |
| EMA | European Medicines Agency |
| FiO2 | Fraction Of Inspired Oxygen |
| FP | Fusion protein |
| GCs | Glucocorticoids |
| GSH | Glutathione |
| HO | Heme-Oxygenase |
| Hb | Hemoglobin |
| Keap-1 | Kelch-like enoyl-CoA hydratase-associated protein 1 |
| IFN | Interferon |
| IL | Interleukin |
| MAVS | Mitochondrial antiviral signaling system; |
| MCP1 | monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 |
| MEA | s-acetyl-mercaptoethylamine |
| MERS | Middle East respiratory syndrome |
| NAC | N-acetylcysteine |
| NETs | Neutrophil extracellular traps |
| NLRP3 | NOD-like receptors protein 3 |
| NRP1 | Neuropilin-1 |
| NOX | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases |
| NF-kB | Nuclear Factor-κB |
| NRF2 | Nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor2 |
| NSAIDs | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| 4-OI | 4-Octyl-Itaconate |
| Orf9b | Open reading frame-9b |
| OS | Oxidative stress |
| OxPLs | Oxidized phospholipids |
| PAI-1 | Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 |
| PAMPs | Pathogen-associated molecular patterns |
| RAS | Renin-angiotensin system |
| RBD | Receptor-binding domain |
| rh | Recombinant Human |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| SARS-CoV-2 | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-like Coronavirus |
| S protein | Viral Membrane Spike protein |
| S1 | Receptor-binding subunit |
| S2 | Membrane fusion subunit |
| scRNA-seq | single cell RNA-sequence |
| TRXIP | Thioredoxin Interacting/Inhibiting Protein; |
| TOM | Translocase of Outer Membrane |
| TMPRSS2 | Transmembrane protease serine 2 |
| WHO | World Health Organization |