Table 1.
Dopamine receptor subtypes classified by distribution, function, mechanism of action, agonist, and antagonist.
| RECEPTOR | D1-Like | D2-Like | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D1 | D5 | D2 | D3 | D4 | |
| Gene | DRD1 | DRD5 | DRD2 | DRD3 | DRD4 |
| Length (amino acids) | 446 | 477 | 443 | 400 | 419 |
| Structural information | Intronless | Intronless | 7 exons | 7 exons | 4 exons |
| Chromosomal localization | 5q 34.2 | 4p16.1 | 11q23.2 | 3q13.31 | 11p15.5 |
| Locations | CNS and kidneys | CNS, kidneys, heart, blood vessels, adrenal glands, gastrointestinal tract, sympathetic ganglia | CNS, kidneys, cortex, heart, blood vessels, adrenal glands, gastrointestinal tract, sympathetic ganglia. |
CNS, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, mast cells. | CNS, kidneys, heart, blood vessels, adrenal glands, gastrointestinal tract, sympathetic ganglia |
| Type (G protein coupling) | Gs-coupled | Gs-coupled | Gi-coupled | Gi-coupled | Gi-coupled |
| Function | Actions dependent on CNS and control of HTN [2,13] | Actions dependent on CNS, control of HTN and endocrine functions [14] | Actions dependent on CNS, renal functions (control of HTN), gastrointestinal motility [15] |
Actions dependent on CNS, control of HTN and endocrine functions [16,17] | Actions dependent on CNS, regulations of renal functions (control of HTN) and gastrointestinal motility [18] |
| Mechanism | cAMP (+) | cAMP (+) | cAMP (-) | cAMP (-) | cAMP (-) |
| Synaptic location | Postsynaptic | Both pre- and postsynaptic | |||
| Selective agonist | A-86929 [19] A-68930Doxanthrine |
Same as D1 | Apomorphine [20] Ropinirole (DRD2>DRD3) |
7- oH-DPAT (DRD3>DRD2) ML417 |
A-412997 [21] ABT-670 PD-168077 |
| Selective antagonist | SCH-23390 [22] SCH-39166 SKF-83566 |
Same as D1 | Haloperidol Raclopride Sulpiride Spiperone Risperidone |
Nafadotride GR-103691 GR-218231 SB-277011-A [23] NGB-2904 PG-01037 ABT-127 |
A-381393 FAUC213 L-745870 L-750667 |