Table 2.

Comparison among active mechanical pumps.

Features	Peristaltic Pump [186,187]	Syringe Pump [186,187,188]	Pressure Driven Pump [186,189]
Flow Rate Range	2 μL/min–10 L/min	0.012 nL/min–0.3 L/min	nL/min–mL/min
Working characteristics	Periodically compression of a flexible tubing	Controlled motion of the syringe piston	Pressure is applied to a sealed reservoir pushing liquid through tubes
Flow characteristics	-Pulsatile flow -Low stability -Flow recirculation is possible -Large volumes can be dispensed -Only the mean flow rate can be controlled	-Constant flow -Different stability levels according to device quality -Only a fixed volume of liquid can be dispensed	-Complex flow patterns can be performed -High stability -Flow recirculation is possible -Both pressure and flow rate can be controlled