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. 2021 Feb 10;11(2):274. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11020274

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of miR-146a. A regulatory sequence is located 16 kb upstream from the miR-146a gene. It contains a site for several transcription activator or repressor factors, such as breast cancer 1(BRAC1), forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3), interferon regulatory transcription factor (IFR3/7), CCAAT enhancer-binding proteins β (C/EBPβ), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and c-MYC. NF-κB regulatory inflammatory signaling pathways strongly upregulate miR-146a. c-MYC also increases miR-146a expression. BRCA1 directly binds the miR-146a promoter, increasing its expression, which in turn represses EGFR levels. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) directly interacts with miR-146a and significantly interferes with its gene-silencing function. CpG methylation on the miR-146a regulatory sequence causes its downregulation.