. 2020 Dec 24;180(1):1–16. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa181

Table 1.

Main Kidney Histopathological Findings and Urinary Protein Biomarker Changes in Rats Treated With Segment Selective Nephrotoxicants

Nephron Site Injury	Compounds	Study Allocation	Rat Strain	Study Design (Dose, Route of Administration, Day of Necropsy, and Number of Animals Per Group)	Key Histopathological Findings in Kidney	Main Urinary Protein Biomarker Changes^a	References
Glomerulus	Puromycin	Pfizer	SD	0 and 150 mg/kg ip—days 2, 3, and 6 (n = 10)	Glomerular alterations, grades 1–5	Microalbumin	Nassirpour et al. (2015)
	HN	Pfizer	SD	0 and 1 ml/200 g body weight iv—days 3, 6, 9, and 16 (n = 10)	Glomerular alterations, grades 2 and 3	Microalbumin^a	Nassirpour et al. (2015)
	Doxorubicin	Janssen	SD	0 and 5 mg/kg iv—days 8 and 15 (n = 6)	Glomerular alterations, grade 2	Microalbumin, Kim-1, and NGAL	Church et al. (2014)
	Doxorubicin	Janssen	SD	0 and 5 mg/kg iv—days 8 and 15 (n = 6)	Tubular dilatation, cortico-medullary junction, grades 2 and 3	Microalbumin, Kim-1, and NGAL	Church et al. (2014)
	Nephrotoxic serum	Bayer	SD	0 and 5 ml/kg iv—days 8 and 14 (n = 5 or 6)	Glomerular alterations, grades 1–3	Microalbumin, Kim-1, NGAL, and clusterin	Pavkovic et al. (2015)
			SD	0 and 5 ml/kg iv—days 8 and 14 (n = 5 or 6)	Tubular regeneration, cortex, grades 1–4	Microalbumin, Kim-1, NGAL, and clusterin	Pavkovic et al. (2015)
			Wistar Kyoto	0, 1, 2.5, and 5 ml/kg iv—day 14 (n = 3 or 5)	Glomerular alterations, grades 1–3	Microalbumin, Kim-1, NGAL, and clusterin	Pavkovic et al. (2015)
			Wistar Kyoto	0, 1, 2.5, and 5 ml/kg iv—day 14 (n = 3 or 5)	Tubular regeneration, cortex, grades 1–3	Microalbumin, Kim-1, NGAL, and clusterin	Pavkovic et al. (2015)
Proximal tubule	Potassium dichromate	Sanofi	SD	0, 5, and 15 mg/kg subcutaneously—day 2 (n = 10)	Tubular deg/necrosis, procalcitonin (s1-2), grades 1–3	Microalbumin and NAG^a	NA
	Cisplatin	Bayer	Han Wistar	0, 1, 3 mg/kg ip—days 3, 5, 8, and 26 (n = 6)	Tubular deg/necrosis, Thick descending tubule (s3), grades 1–5	Microalbumin, Kim-1, NGAL, and clusterin	Pavkovic et al. (2014)
	Gentamicin	Pfizer	SD	0 and 50 mg/kg/day subcutaneously—day 7 (n = 10)	Tubular deg/necrosis, procalcitonin (s1-2), grades 1–3	Microalbumin and Kim-1	Nassirpour et al. (2014)
TAL of the loop of Henle	Proprietary compound X	Sanofi	SD	0, 50, and 200 mg/kg/day orally—days 4 and 11 (n = 4–10)	Tubular deg/necrosis, Thick ascending tubule, grades 1–3	Kim-1, microalbumin, osteopontin, and clusterin	NA
TAL of the loop of Henle	Proprietary compound Y	Sanofi	SD	0, 100, and 400 mg/kg/day orally—days 4 and 7 (n = 10)	Tubular deg/necrosis, Thick ascending tubule, grades 1 and 2	Microalbumin^a	NA
CD	NPAA	Sanofi	SD	0 and 400 mg/kg/day orally—days 4, 8, and 15 (n = 10)	CD necrosis with loss of papilla tip, grades 1 and 2	RPA-1 and clusterin	NA
CD	Proprietary compound Z	Sanofi	SD	0 and 200 mg/kg/day orally—days 4, 8, and 15 (n = 10)	Necrosis of renal papilla, grades 1 and 2	RPA-1 and clusterin	NA

Abbreviation: NA, non applicable.

Kim-1, clusterin, and osteopontin were not measured in the studies with potassium dichromate, HN model, and compound Y.