Table 2.

Detectability and concentrations of cytokines in maternal and umbilical cord plasma.

Cytokines	MP, n = 26			UCP, n = 23
	pg/mL	%det	IQR	pg/mL	%det	IQR
GM-CSF	1.83 ± 0.98	15.38 (4/26)	0.00–0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 (0/23) *	0.00–0.00
IFN-γ	20.17 ± 4.36	96.15 (25/26)	7.02–26.43	1.80 ± 0.67 *	39.13 (9/23) *	0.00–2.12
IL-1β	0.08 ± 0.08	3.85 (1/26)	0.00–0.00	1.43 ± 0.56 *	56.52 (13/23) *	0.00–2.10
IL-2	1.62 ± 0.60	26.92 (7/26)	0.00–4.51	9.27 ± 2.66 *	52.17 (12/23)	0.00–18.14
IL-4	17.58 ± 9.84	23.08 (6/26)	0.00–6.50	0.53 ± 0.37	8.70 (2/23)	0.00–0.00
IL-5	0.67 ± 0.36	42.31 (11/26)	0.00–0.10	6.24 ± 3.30	56.52 (13/23)	0.00–9.09
IL-6	10.57 ± 3.57	46.15 (12/26)	0.00–12.42	13.72 ± 7.05	17.39 (4/23) *	0.00–0.00
IL-9	5.60 ± 2.29	42.31 (11/26)	0.00–9.46	0.95 ± 0.72 *	17.39 (4/23) *	0.00–0.00
IL-10	0.07 ± 0.07	7.69 (2/26)	0.00–0.00	0.06 ± 0.04	13.04 (3/23)	0.00–0.00
IL-12	0.31 ± 0.10	65.38 (17/26)	0.00–0.44	0.15 ± 0.03	82.61 (19/23)	0.05–0.24
IL-13	3.34 ± 1.09	38.46 (10/26)	0.00–5.10	0.15 ± 0.15 *	4.35 (1/23) *	0.00–0.00
IL-17	3.46 ± 2.24	15.38 (4/26)	0.00–0.00	4.88 ± 1.84	30.43 (7/23)	0.00–12.16
IL-18	39.95 ± 5.81	100.00 (26/26)	24.89–44.14	12.64 ± 2.40 *	95.65 (22/23)	4.53–16.96
IL-21	5.57 ± 1.71	50.00 (13/26)	0.00–10.25	0.58 ± 0.39 *	13.04 (3/23) *	0.00–0.00
IL-22	2.86 ± 1.15	23.08 (6/26)	0.00–1.75	0.00 ± 0.00 *	0.00 (0/23) *	0.00–0.00
IL-23	32.14 ± 7.87	80.77 (21/26)	0.54–62.86	5.78 ± 4.17 *	17.39 (4/23) *	0.00–0.00
IL-27	25.59 ± 12.76	26.92 (7/26)	0.00–13.36	0.81 ± 0.62	8.70 (2/23)	0.00–0.00
TNF-α	0.03 ± 0.02	11.54 (3/26)	0.00–0.00	1.16 ± 0.65 *	52.17 (12/23) *	0.00–0.99

Data shown are expressed as mean ± S.E.M., detectability frequencies (%det), and interquartile ranges (IQRs). Mann–Whitney U test was used to determine significant differences between plasma samples. X2 test compared detectability. * p < 0.05. MP, maternal plasma; UCP, umbilical cord plasma; GM-CSF, Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; IFN, Interferon; IL, Interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.