Table 6.

Cytokine composition of umbilical cord plasma from each maternal enterotype.

Cytokines	Enterotype I, n = 11			Enterotype II, n = 11
	pg/mL	%det	IQR	pg/mL	%det	IQR
GM-CSF	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 (0/11)	0.00–0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 (0/11)	0.00–0.00
IFN- γ	3.12 ± 1.23	63.64 (7/11)	0.00–4.96	0.64 ± 0.47 *	18.18 (2/11) *	0.00–0.00
IL-1β	2.44 ± 1.06	81.82 (9/11)	0.29–2.00	0.24 ± 0.19 *	27.27 (3/11) *	0.00–0.29
IL-2	14.04 ± 4.76	72.73 (8/11)	0.00–21.94	3.70 ± 1.98 *	27.27 (3/11) *	0.00–11.28
IL-4	1.12 ± 0.75	18.18 (2/11)	0.00–0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 (0/11)	0.00–0.00
IL-5	11.14 ± 6.62	72.73 (8/11)	0.00–13.90	0.85 ± 0.82 *	36.36 (4/11)	0.00–0.10
IL-6	28.70 ± 13.62	36.36 (4/11)	0.00–73.35	0.00 ± 0.00 *	0.00 (0/11) *	0.00–0.00
IL-9	1.88 ± 1.49	27.27 (3/11)	0.00–1.13	0.10 ± 0.10	9.09 (1/11)	0.00–0.00
IL-10	0.12 ± 0.09	18.18 (2/11)	0.00–0.00	0.01 ± 0.01	9.09 (1/11)	0.00–0.00
IL-12	0.22 ± 0.05	100 (11/11)	0.14–0.33	0.09 ± 0.03 *	63.64 (7/11) *	0.00–0.14
IL-13	0.32 ± 0.32	9.09 (1/11)	0.00–0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 (0/11)	0.00–0.00
IL-17	8.02 ± 3.31	45.45 (5/11)	0.00–12.16	0.57 ± 0.57 *	9.09 (1/11)	0.00–0.00
IL-18	16.86 ± 4.27	90.91 (10/11)	8.36–23.34	8.98 ± 2.18	100 (11/11)	4.53–11.92
IL-21	1.20 ± 0.79	27.27 (3/11)	0.00–1.75	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 (0/11)	0.00–0.00
IL-22	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 (0/11)	0.00–0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 (0/11)	0.00–0.00
IL-23	11.30 ± 8.57	27.27 (3/11)	0.00–8.64	0.79 ± 0.79	9.09 (1/11)	0.00–0.00
IL-27	1.70 ± 1.28	18.18 (2/11)	0.00–0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 (0/11)	0.00–0.00
TNF-α	2.12 ± 1.32	72.73 (8/11)	0.00–2.09	0.15 ± 0.09 *	27.27 (3/11) *	0.00–0.18

Cytokine composition in each enterotype is expressed as mean ± S.E.M., percentage of detectability (%det), and interquartile range (IQR). Mann–Whitney U tests were used to determine significant differences between plasma samples. X2 test compared detectability. * p < 0.05. GM-CSF, Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; IFN, Interferon; IL, Interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.