Table 1.

Antibody assay comparison

	MNT	sVNT Genscript	ELISA Euroimmun (IgG/IgA; Spike & IgG; N)	ELISA Wantai (IgM; RBD)	In‐house ELISA (IgM/IgA/IgG; RBD/Spike)	Chaotropic‐based dissociation assays	Multiplex
Test time	5 days	65 min	120 min (S); 105 min (N)	75 min	48 h	48 h	24 h per detector (antibody isotype or FcR)
Hands‐on user time	7 h	30 min	30 min	30 min	~2.5 h (6 plates)	~3 h (6 plates)	~4 h per detector
Capacity; samples/run	96 samples	96 samples	96 samples	96 samples	10 samples per plate	5 samples per plate	384 samples per detector
Volume of sample per test	28 µL	10 µL	10 µL	10 µL	7.3 µL	7.3 µL	1 µL per detector
Plasma vs serum	Either a	Either	Either	Either	Either	Either	Either
Samples run in duplicate or singularly	Duplicate in independent assays	Singularly (duplicate for samples within the equivocal zone)	Singularly (duplicate for samples within the equivocal zone)	Singularly (duplicate for samples within the equivocal zone)	Singularly	Singularly	Duplicate in independent assays
Cost per sample (AUD)	–	~$14	~$8	~$8	~$1.60–$2.20	~$1.80–$2.40	~$16
TGA approval 42	–	Emergency access scheme	Emergency access scheme	Emergency access scheme	–	–	–
FDA approval 43	–	Emergency use authorisation	Emergency use authorisation (IgG)	–	–	–	–
Biosafety level	BSL 3	BSL 2	BSL 2	BSL 2	BSL 2	BSL 2	BSL 2
Antigen specificity	Whole virus	RBD	S or N	RBD	S, RBD	S, RBD	S, S1, S2, RBD, N
Class switching	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Antibody avidity	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Level of expertise	High	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	High
Standardisation	Run specific	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Bead set specific
Result readout	End‐point titre	% inhibition	Index value	Index value	End‐point titre	Avidity Index	MFI

^aSerum preferred.