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Illustration of the Extracellular electron transfer in the microbial electrochemical systems. The direct microbial electro transfer (DET) is enabled through the growing of nanowires (I), or by the formation of a conductive layer at the microbial cell wall (III). The mediated electron transfer (MET) was conducted either via the naturally secreted mediators (II) or by the chemically utilized electron redox-shuttles (IV).
