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Characterization of biofilm formation at screen-printed electrodes using scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. (A) Biofilm formation of bacterial mixed culture at screen printed electrodes modified with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. (B) Direct bioelectrochemical signals of the formed biofilm at the SPE. (C) Mediated electron transfer used to monitor the bio-electrochemical responses of proliferated biofilms at electrode surfaces.
