Table 1.
Demographics and general characteristics of the symptom cluster subgroups.
| Variables | Categories | Total (n = 2362) | HSB (n = 1032) | PAF (n = 566) | SDP (n = 764) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M(SD)/n (%) | M(SD)/n (%) | M(SD)/n (%) | M(SD)/n (%) | |||
| Age (years) † | 76.1 (3.9) | 76.9 (3.9) | 75.6 (3.8) | 75.3 (3.67) | <0.001 | |
| Sex | <0.001 | |||||
| Males | 1053 (44.6) | 261 (25.3) | 326 (57.6) | 466 (61.0) | ||
| Females | 1309 (55.4) | 771 (74.7) | 240 (42.4) | 298 (39.0) | ||
| Body mass index | 0.004 | |||||
| Underweight | 36 (1.5) | 20 (1.9) | 10 (1.8) | 6 (0.8) | ||
| Normal | 654 (27.7) | 250 (24.2) | 178 (31.4) | 226 (29.6) | ||
| Overweight | 1672 (70.8) | 762 (73.8) | 378 (66.8) | 532 (70.8) | ||
| Smoking | <0.001 | |||||
| Ever | 851 (36.1) | 214 (20.8) | 259 (45.8) | 378 (49.6) | ||
| Never | 1507 (63.9) | 816 (79.2) | 307 (54.2) | 384 (50.4) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | <0.001 | |||||
| Ever | 1646 (69.8) | 635 (61.7) | 419 (74.2) | 592 (77.6) | ||
| Never | 712 (30.2) | 395 (38.3) | 146 (23.9) | 171 (22.4) | ||
| Physical activity † (days per week) | Vigorous | 0.31 (1.13) | 0.17 (0.88) | 0.37 (1.25) | 0.45 (1.30) | <0.001 |
| Moderate | 2.51 (2.61) | 2.10 (2.50) | 2.74 (2.60) | 2.89 (2.69) | <0.001 | |
| Light | 5.36 (2.29) | 4.98 (2.51) | 5.51 (2.15) | 5.77 (1.99) | <0.001 | |
| Education (years) † | 8.55 (5.72) | 6.70 (6.36) | 9.59 (4.68) | 10.27 (4.73) | <0.001 | |
| Marital status | <0.001 | |||||
| Married | 1547 (65.6) | 536 (52.0) | 426 (75.3) | 585 (76.7) | ||
| Divorced and widowed | 813 (34.4) | 495 (48.0) | 140 (24.7) | 178 (23.3) | ||
| Living status | <0.001 | |||||
| With others | 1803 (76.3) | 691 (67.0) | 464 (82.0) | 648 (84.8) | ||
| Alone | 559 (23.7) | 341 (33.0) | 102 (18.0) | 116 (15.2) | ||
| Living area | <0.001 | |||||
| Urban | 1724 (73.4) | 711 (69.2) | 400 (70.9) | 613 (80.8) | ||
| Rural | 626 (26.6) | 316 (30.8) | 164 (29.1) | 146 (19.2) | ||
| Home ownership | <0.001 | |||||
| Owner occupied | 1893 (80.2) | 771 (74.9) | 478 (84.5) | 644 (84.3) | ||
| Rented | 466 (19.7) | 258 (25.1) | 88 (15.5) | 120 (15.7) | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||||
| Yes | 1934 (81.9) | 842 (81.6) | 465 (82.2) | 627 (82.1) | 0.948 | |
| No | 428 (18.1) | 190 (18.4) | 101 (17.8) | 137 (17.9) | ||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0.864 | |||||
| Yes | 135 (5.7) | 56 (5.4) | 34 (6.0) | 45 (5.9) | ||
| No | 2227 (94.3) | 976 (94.6) | 532 (94.0) | 719 (94.1) | ||
| Musculoskeletal disease | <0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 992 (42.0) | 592 (57.4) | 188 (33.2) | 212 (27.7) | ||
| No | 1370 (58.0) | 440 (42.6) | 378 (66.8) | 552 (72.3) | ||
| Respiratory disease | 0.417 | |||||
| Yes | 179 (7.6) | 86 (8.3) | 42 (7.4) | 51 (6.7) | ||
| No | 2183 (92.4) | 946 (91.7) | 524 (92.6) | 713 (93.3) | ||
| Gastrointestinal disease | <0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 190 (8.0) | 107 (10.4) | 49 (8.7) | 34 (4.5) | ||
| No | 2172 (92.0) | 925 (89.6) | 517 (91.3) | 730 (95.5) | ||
| Neurological disease | 0.407 | |||||
| Yes | 21 (0.9) | 11 (1.1) | 5 (0.9) | 5 (0.7) | ||
| No | 2341 (99.1) | 1021 (98.9) | 561 (99.1) | 759 (99.3) | ||
| Renal disease | 0.070 | |||||
| Yes | 44 (1.9) | 15 (1.5) | 17 (3.0) | 12 (1.6) | ||
| No | 2318 (98.1) | 1017 (98.5) | 549 (97.0) | 752 (98.4) | ||
| Endocrine disease | 0.444 | |||||
| Yes | 712 (30.1) | 297 (28.8) | 177 (31.3) | 238 (31.2) | ||
| No | 1650 (69.9) | 735 (71.2) | 389 (68.7) | 526 (68.8) | ||
| Cancer | 0.257 | |||||
| Yes | 91 (3.9) | 33 (3.2) | 22 (3.9) | 36 (4.7) | ||
| No | 2271 (96.1) | 999 (96.8) | 544 (96.1) | 728 (95.3) | ||
| Number of chronic illnesses | <0.001 | |||||
| 1 | 979 (41.4) | 336 (32.6) | 256 (45.2) | 387 (50.7) | ||
| ≥2 | 1383 (58.6) | 696 (67.4) | 310 (54.8) | 377 (49.3) |
Note: HSB, high symptom burden; PAF, pain and fatigue; SDP, sleep deprivation; data were presented as the mean (standard deviation (SD)) or a percentage. The p-values were based on the chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Kruskal–Wallis test †.