Table 2.
Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and kappa statistics associated with lung ultrasound findings compared to SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing
| Sensitivity | Specificity | NPV | PPV | Kappa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All ultrasounds, N = 174 | |||||
| Ultrasound SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis | 86.0 | 71.6 | 81.7 | 77.7 | 0.58 |
| Multiple field involvement | 83.9 | 66.7 | 78.3 | 74.3 | 0.51 |
| Posterior field involvement | 71.0 | 70.4 | 67.9 | 73.3 | 0.41 |
| Bilateral lung involvement | 78.5 | 74.1 | 75.0 | 77.7 | 0.53 |
| Bilateral posterior field involvement | 57.0 | 91.4 | 64.9 | 88.3 | 0.47 |
| Any discrete B-lines | 86.0 | 54.3 | 77.2 | 68.4 | 0.41 |
| Any confluent B-lines | 43.0 | 98.8 | 60.2 | 97.6 | 0.40 |
| Any pleural thickening or irregularity | 86.0 | 51.9 | 76.4 | 67.2 | 0.39 |
| No pathologic lung findings | 11.8 | 48.1 | 32.2 | 20.8 | -0.39 |
| Ultrasound SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis | |||||
| No ILD, N = 167 | 87.0 | 77.3 | 82.9 | 82.5 | 0.65 |
| No ILD, no HF EF ≤ 35%, N = 158 | 85.4 | 82.4 | 83.6 | 86.8 | 0.70 |
| No ILD, no HF EF ≤ 35%, no immunosuppression, N = 144 | 89.3 | 83.3 | 84.7 | 88.2 | 0.73 |
| Complete ultrasounds, N = 174 | 90.9 | 75.6 | 87.2 | 82.0 | 0.67 |
ILD interstitial lung disease, EF ejection fraction, HIV/AIDS human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, ESRD end-stage renal disease