Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants, stratified by serum ferritin status and body size phenotypes.
| Metabolically healthy | Metabolically at-risk | Pa | Pb | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI < 23 kg/m2 | BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 | BMI < 23 kg/m2 | BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 | |||||||
| Without high SF | With high SF | Without high SF | With high SF | Without high SF | With high SF | Without high SF | With high SF | |||
| N (%) | 2186 (84.1) | 414 (15.9) | 1575 (78.3) | 436 (21.7) | 581 (68.8) | 264 (31.2) | 1307 (62.4) | 786 (37.6) | - | - |
| Male, % | 46.7 | 48.1 | 45.3 | 51.4 | 45.8 | 42 | 48.6 | 48 | 0.172 | - |
| Age, years | 44.8 (34.9, 56.5) | 55.0 (41.7, 64.0) | 47.2 (39.6, 56.7) | 54.2 (44.0, 62.3) | 55.1 (44.6, 66.4) | 59.9 (52.9, 67.3) | 53.5 (44.6, 62.9) | 56.5 (46.7, 63.3) | <0.001 | - |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 21.0 (20.0, 21.9) | 21.2 (20.0, 22.1) | 25.0 (23.9, 26.6) | 25.2 (24.0, 26.6) | 21.4 (20.5, 22.2) | 21.7 (20.5, 22.3) | 25.9 (24.4, 28.0) | 26.3 (24.6, 28.2) | <0.001 | - |
| SF, ug/L | 53.3 (25.1, 87.7) | 238.3 (131.1, 408.7) | 57.9 (28.9, 91.5) | 248.2 (136.9, 490.7) | 66.2 (34.6, 100.3) | 232.1 (136.6, 440.7) | 70.5 (42.7, 111.1) | 268.6 (155.2, 509.5) | <0.001 | - |
| SBP, mmHg | 116.0 (108.0, 122.0) | 120.0 (110.0, 126.0) | 120.0 (110.0, 130.0) | 120.0 (114.0, 130.0) | 130.0 (120.0, 140.0) | 130.0 (120.0, 141.0) | 130.0 (120.0, 146.0) | 130.0 (120.0, 146.0) | <0.001 | 0.783 |
| DBP, mmHg | 76.0 (70.0, 80.0) | 78.0 (70.0, 80.0) | 80.0 (74.0, 84.0) | 80.0 (74.0, 86.0) | 80.0 (76.0, 90.0) | 82.0 (78.0, 90.0) | 86.0 (80.0, 90.0) | 86.0 (80.0, 92.0) | <0.001 | 0.952 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 4.87 (4.56, 5.21) | 4.99 (4.62, 5.33) | 4.94 (4.63, 5.28) | 5.05 (4.69, 5.39) | 5.64 (4.99, 6.06) | 5.70 (5.04, 6.42) | 5.63 (5.07, 6.21) | 5.78 (5.25, 6.87) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| UA, mg/dL | 4.47 (3.63, 5.45) | 4.97 (4.10, 5.85) | 4.67 (3.78, 5.63) | 5.13 (4.37, 6.23) | 4.99 (4.08, 6.20) | 5.60 (4.63, 6.71) | 5.55 (4.48, 6.70) | 6.03 (4.97, 7.24) | <0.001 | 0.199 |
| TG, mmol/L | 0.91 (0.68, 1.23) | 1.10 (0.84, 1,41) | 1.09 (0.80, 1.44) | 1.26 (0.99, 1.57) | 1.85 (1.20, 2.59) | 2.14 (1.61, 3.20) | 2.10 (1.49, 2.92) | 2.47 (1.83, 3.78) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.49 (3.93, 5.08) | 4.85 (4.22, 5.52) | 4.73 (4.17, 5.35) | 5.16 (4.53, 5.78) | 4.80 (4.24, 5.55) | 5.09 (4.41, 5.90) | 4.98 (4.36, 5.61) | 5.31 (4.59, 6.04) | <0.001 | 0.401 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.71 (2.20, 3.24) | 3.01 (2.39, 3.97) | 3.00 (2.49, 3.57) | 3.29 (2.66, 3.98) | 2.88 (2.27, 3.58) | 2.95 (2.18, 3.75) | 3.04 (2.43, 3.63) | 3.08 (2.33, 3.83) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.52 (1.32, 1.77) | 1.51 (1.33, 1.76) | 1.43 (1.24, 1.64) | 1.44 (1.26, 1.65) | 1.27 (1.09, 1.55) | 1.20 (1.04, 1.43) | 1.17 (1.00, 1.37) | 1.14 (0.97, 1.35) | <0.001 | 0.006 |
| Non-HDL-C, mmol/L | 2.91 (2.40, 3.46) | 3.25 (2.69, 3.97) | 3.28 (2.74, 3.84) | 3.64 (3.07, 4.27) | 3.49 (2.88, 4.16) | 3.85 (3.14, 4.57) | 3.77 (3.18, 4.36) | 4.11 (3.46, 4.79) | <0.001 | 0.790 |
| ApoB, g/L | 0.77 (0.64, 0.92) | 0.86 (0.73, 1.05) | 0.87 (0.73, 1.04) | 0.96 (0.80, 1.14) | 0.91 (0.76, 1.11) | 0.99 (0.79, 1.21) | 0.99 (0.82, 1.16) | 1.03 (0.86, 1.24) | <0.001 | 0.065 |
| ApoA1, g/L | 1.14 (1.0, 1.33) | 1.17 (1.01, 1.34) | 1.10 (0.97, 1.27) | 1.13 (0.96, 1.29) | 1.08 (0.94, 1.27) | 1.08 (0.93, 1.30) | 1.02 (0.88, 1.21) | 1.01 (0.87, 1.21) | <0.001 | 0.447 |
| Hs-CRP, mg/L | 1.0 (0.0, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 4.0) | <0.001 | 0.007 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.87 (1.33, 2.61) | 1.88 (1.36, 2.64) | 2.22 (1.59, 3.20) | 2.57 (1.84, 3.61) | 2.74 (1.84, 4.09) | 2.78 (1.84, 4.98) | 3.32 (2.29, 5.42) | 3.90 (2.54, 6.72) | <0.001 | 0.05 |
Data are median (interquartile range).
P represents the difference across SF status within body size phenotypes,
P for interaction terms (SF status × body size phenotypes) were assessed by generalized linear models.
BMI, body mass index; SF, serum ferritin; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; UA, uric acid; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Non-HDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoB, apolipoprotein B100; ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1; Hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; HOMA-IR, homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.