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. 2021 Mar 1;8:53. doi: 10.1038/s41438-021-00490-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a There are four steps required to produce diverse terpenoids. Enzymes involved at each step of the volatile terpenoid biosynthesis pathway are shown in blue, and intermediates are shown in black. Relative expression profiles of genes implicated in volatile terpenoid biosynthesis among various tissues (LAR, root; LAS, stem; LAL, leaf; LAF, flower; LAGT, glandular trichome) are presented as heatmaps (cyan–purple scale). Copy number variations of genes involved in volatile terpenoid biosynthesis in the ten plant species (from left to right: Lang, Sspl, Tgra, Smil, Sbai, Sind, Slyc, Hann, Rchi, and Atha) are shown in orange font. b–d Phylogeny of TPS subfamilies (b), CYP450 clans (c), and BAHD subfamilies (d) in lavender based on protein sequences. The gene numbers clustered into one category are indicated in green font. e Ks values and duplication/divergence times of genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis in lavender. f Representative gene cluster with a physical link. Clusters TPS-TPS, TPS-BAHD, and TPS-CYP450 are shown.