Table 3.
Risk factors of PJP in patients with ARD
| aHR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|
| Types of ARD | ||
| Without ARD | Reference | |
| RA | 1.44 | (0.88–2.36) |
| SLE | 4.09*** | (2.41–6.95) |
| SjS | 3.64*** | (2.06–6.42) |
| PM/DM | 5.40*** | (2.82–10.35) |
| SSc | 5.12** | (2.16–12.13) |
| SV | 2.96 | (0.88–10.03) |
| Gender | ||
| Female | Reference | |
| Male | 1.77** | (1.31–2.39) |
| Age of diagnose ARD | ||
| Age | 1.02** | (1.00–1.03) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Cancer | 3.74*** | (2.74–5.10) |
| HIV | 110.8*** | (47.69–257.5) |
| Renal transplant | 2.56 | (0.95–6.91) |
| End-stage renal disease | 2.04 | (0.95–4.41) |
| Interstitial lung disease | 2.41** | (1.39–4.18) |
| Congestive heart failure | 1.31 | (0.57–3.02) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.56 | (0.28–1.15) |
| Hypertension | 0.81 | (0.43–1.52) |
| Cirrhosis | 1.30 | (0.41–4.17) |
| Stroke | 1.43 | (0.73–2.80) |
| Medicine | ||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 0.73 | (0.52–1.02) |
| Methotrexate | 2.85*** | (1.91–4.27) |
| Mycophenolate | 7.14*** | (4.21–12.13) |
| Azathioprine | 1.33 | (0.84–2.10) |
| Cyclosporine | 2.03** | (1.23–3.34) |
| Cyclophosphamide | 3.37*** | (2.26–5.01) |
| Biological agents | 3.53*** | (2.08–5.98) |
| Steroid (injection) | 5.03*** | (3.47–7.29) |
| Steroid (oral) mg/day | ||
| <5 | Reference | |
| 5–10 | 1.89 | (0.98–3.64) |
| >10 | 9.15*** | (6.23–13.45) |
*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001
ARD, autoimmune rheumatic diseases; PJP, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SjS, primary Sjogren’s syndrome; PM/DM, polymyositis/dermatomyositis; SSc, systemic sclerosis; SV, systemic vasculitis; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval