Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Feb 15;9:633048. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.633048

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2021 Liang, Xu, Jiang, Feng, Jiang, Yuan, Xu, Wu, Wang and Huang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Three primary emotions, or three primary color model of basic emotion. This model proposes that the three monoamines are the substrate for three core features of all emotions: DA-reward, NE-stress, 5-HT-punishment; or primary emotions: DA-joy, 5-HT-sadness, NE-(fear and anger). Because fear and anger are one emotion, they are two-sides of one same coin. The three core emotions can induce three kinds of behaviors: stress (fight-or-flight), reward (relax and enjoy), punishment (freeze and inhibition). FND patients might have strong stressful experiences and fearful behaviors, such as frozen or tremor (seizure).