Table 2.
Characteristics and Survey Responses of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Associated With Initiation of DAAs (CHeCS, 2017‐2018)
| Variables | n (%) | DAA Before Survey n (%) | No DAA Before Survey n (%) | Univariable | Multivariable † | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P Value* | aOR of DAA Before Survey (95% CI) | P Value | ||||
| Total | 894 | 690 (77.2) | 204 (22.8) | − | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 508 (56.8) | 399 (57.8) | 109 (53.4) | 0.300 | ref | |
| Female | 386 (43.2) | 291 (42.2) | 95 (46.6) | 1.00 (0.69‐1.46) | 0.992 | |
| Race | ||||||
| Non‐Hispanic White | 555 (62.1) | 437 (63.3) | 118 (57.8) | 0.081 | ref | |
| Non‐Hispanic Black | 266 (29.8) | 193 (28.0) | 73 (35.8) | 0.59 (0.36‐0.98) | 0.040 | |
| Other | 73 (8.2) | 60 (8.7) | 13 (6.4) | 0.82 (0.41‐1.65) | 0.579 | |
| Age (years) on Jan 1, 2017 | ||||||
| ≤30 | 16 (1.8) | 9 (1.3) | 7 (3.4) | 0.049 | ref | |
| 31‐40 | 28 (3.1) | 16 (2.3) | 12 (5.9) | 1.18 (0.33‐4.26) | 0.801 | |
| 41‐50 | 38 (4.3) | 30 (4.3) | 8 (3.9) | 3.16 (0.81‐12.28) | 0.097 | |
| 51‐60 | 240 (26.8) | 187 (27.1) | 53 (26.0) | 1.90 (0.64‐5.61) | 0.246 | |
| 61‐70 | 505 (56.5) | 397 (57.5) | 108 (52.9) | 2.16 (0.73‐6.42) | 0.166 | |
| >70 | 67 (7.5) | 51 (7.4) | 16 (7.8) | 1.95 (0.53‐7.10) | 0.312 | |
| Insurance status | ||||||
| None | 19 (2.1) | 12 (1.7) | 7 (3.4) | <0.001 | ref | |
| Private | 338 (37.8) | 280 (40.6) | 58 (28.4) | 1.53 (0.44‐5.31) | 0.501 | |
| Medicaid | 154 (17.2) | 107 (15.5) | 47 (23.0) | 0.90 (0.25‐3.17) | 0.868 | |
| Medicare | 236 (26.4) | 170 (24.6) | 66 (32.4) | 0.90 (0.26‐3.15) | 0.873 | |
| Medicare + supplement | 147 (16.4) | 121 (17.5) | 26 (12.7) | 2.32 (0.61‐8.78) | 0.216 | |
| Annual income (27 missing) | ||||||
| <$30K | 212 (24.5) | 151 (22.6) | 61 (30.7) | <0.001 | ref | |
| ≥$30‐<50K | 359 (41.4) | 265 (39.7) | 94 (47.2) | 0.94 (0.60‐1.48) | 0.785 | |
| ≥$50K | 296 (34.1) | 252 (37.7) | 44 (22.1) | 1.69 (0.98‐2.90) | 0.057 | |
| Study site | ||||||
| Portland, OR | 130 (14.5) | 109 (15.8) | 21 (10.3) | <0.001 | 1.63 (0.80‐3.32) | 0.179 |
| Honolulu, HI | 62 (6.9) | 55 (8.0) | 7 (3.4) | 1.74 (0.72‐4.23) | 0.222 | |
| Detroit, MI | 467 (52.2) | 366 (53.0) | 101 (49.5) | ref | ||
| Danville, PA | 235 (26.3) | 160 (23.2) | 75 (36.8) | 0.59 (0.36‐0.96) | 0.033 | |
| Cirrhosis status | ||||||
| Decompensated | 79 (8.8) | 67 (9.7) | 12 (5.9) | 0.005 | 1.63 (0.78‐3.42) | 0.196 |
| Compensated | 243 (27.2) | 201 (29.1) | 42 (20.6) | 1.77 (1.13‐2.78) | 0.013 | |
| None | 572 (64.0) | 422 (61.2) | 150 (73.5) | ref | ||
| Difficulty getting medical treatment in the past year (5 missing) | ||||||
| No | 802 (90.2) | 634 (92.4) | 168 (82.8) | <0.001 | ref | |
| Yes | 87 (9.8) | 52 (7.6) | 35 (17.2) | 0.48 (0.27‐0.83) | 0.009 | |
| Mode of travel to health care provider (7 missing) | ||||||
| Drive self | 628 (70.8) | 505 (73.6) | 123 (61.2) | 0.005 | ref | |
| Friend/family member drives | 172 (19.4) | 118 (17.2) | 54 (26.9) | 0.63 (0.40‐1.02) | 0.059 | |
| Take public transportation | 80 (9.0) | 57 (8.3) | 23 (11.4) | 0.66 (0.35‐1.25) | 0.206 | |
| Walk or ride bicycle | 7 (0.8) | 6 (0.9) | 1 (0.5) | 1.32 (0.14‐12.29) | 0.806 | |
| Current smoker | ||||||
| No | 424 (58.5) | 341 (61.7) | 83 (48.3) | 0.003 | ref | |
| Yes | 301 (41.5) | 212 (38.3) | 89 (51.7) | 0.68 (0.44‐1.03) | 0.069 | |
| Injected drugs in last 6 months | ||||||
| No | 412 (97.4) | 311 (98.7) | 101 (93.5) | 0.008 | ref | |
| Yes | 11 (2.6) | 4 (1.3) | 7 (6.5) | 0.11 (0.02‐0.54) | 0.006 | |
| Ever in drug treatment program (7 missing) | ||||||
| No | 588 (66.3) | 474 (69.3) | 114 (56.2) | <0.001 | ref | |
| Yes | 299 (33.7) | 210 (30.7) | 89 (43.8) | 0.83 (0.55‐1.25) | 0.363 | |
| AUDIT‐C score (13 missing) | ||||||
| Negative | 696 (79.0) | 549 (80.7) | 147 (73.1) | 0.023 | ref | |
| Positive | 185 (21.0) | 131 (19.3) | 54 (26.9) | 0.58 (0.38‐0.90) | 0.015 | |
| PHQ8 depression score categories (30 missing) | ||||||
| Negative <10 | 629 (72.8) | 501 (75.3) | 128 (64.3) | 0.007 | ref | |
| Moderate 10‐14 | 119 (13.8) | 88 (13.2) | 31 (15.6) | 0.72 (0.42‐1.24) | 0.233 | |
| Moderate‐severe 15‐19 | 74 (8.6) | 50 (7.5) | 24 (12.1) | 0.71 (0.38‐1.33) | 0.287 | |
| Severe ≥20 | 42 (4.9) | 26 (3.9) | 16 (8.0) | 0.42 (0.20‐0.90) | 0.025 | |
| Legal problems in past year (10 missing) | ||||||
| No | 807 (91.3) | 632 (92.4) | 175 (87.5) | 0.045 | ref | |
| Yes | 77 (8.7) | 52 (7.6) | 25 (12.5) | 0.66 (0.35‐1.23) | 0.188 | |
| Homeless in past year (8 missing) | ||||||
| No | 858 (96.8) | 671 (97.8) | 187 (93.5) | 0.005 | ref | |
| Yes | 28 (3.2) | 15 (2.2) | 13 (6.5) | 0.36 (0.14‐0.94) | 0.037 | |
| Incarcerated in past year (9 missing) | ||||||
| No | 864 (97.6) | 674 (98.3) | 190 (95.5) | 0.033 | ref | |
| Yes | 21 (2.4) | 12 (1.7) | 9 (4.5) | 0.34 (0.12‐0.94) | 0.037 |
*
Two‐sided chi‐square test.
†
Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex, race, age, insurance status, study site, cirrhosis status, Charlson comorbidity score, and length of follow‐up.
Variables omitted from table for brevity and nonsignificance: time needed to travel, history of military service, planned to use VA for hepatitis C care, past smoker, injected drugs in the past, used needle exchange in the past, illicit drug use in the past, employment status.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ref, reference; VA, Veterans Affairs.