Table 1.

Applications of different vaccine types. Examples of preclinical and clinical applications for which WIVs, AAVs, VLPs, and mRNA‐LNPs have been used

Vaccination method	Disease	Stage	Citation
WIVs	Poliovirus	FDA approved	Karch et al. (2016)[ 15 ]
	Hepatitis A	FDA approved	Herk et al. (2005)[ 23 ]
	Rabies	FDA approved	States et al. (1998)[ 24 ]
	Influenza	FDA approved	Statler et al. (2019)[ 25 ]
	MERS‐CoV	Preclinical	Deng et al. (2018)[ 22 ]
	SARS‐CoV‐1	Preclinical	Spruth et al. (2006)[ 18 ]
	SARS‐CoV‐2	Phase III	Zhang et al. (2020)[ 27 ]
AAVs	Lipoprotein lipase deficiency	EMA approved	Santiago‐Ortiza et al. (2016)[ 31 ]
	Leber congenital amaurosis	FDA approved	Wang et al. (2019)[ 29 ]
	HIV‐1	Preclinical	Lin et al. (2018)[ 28 ]
	Influenza	Preclinical	Demminger et al. (2020)[ 34 ]
	SARS‐CoV‐1	Preclinical	Du et al. (2008)[ 33 ]
	SARS‐CoV‐2	Phase III	Logunev et al. (2020)[ 36 ]
			Folegatti et al. (2020)[ 37 ]
VLPs	HPV	FDA approved	Wang et al. (2013)[ 45 ]
	Flaviviruses	Phase I	Ramanathan et al. (2018)[ 66 ]
	Influenza	Preclinical	McCraw et al. (2018)[ 52 ]
			Buffin et al. (2019)[ 54 ]
	MERS‐CoV‐1	Preclinical	Wang et al. (2017)[ 6 ]
	SARS‐CoV‐1	Preclinical	Lu et al. (2007)[ 1 ]
mRNA‐LNPs	HIV‐1	Preclinical	Pardi et al. (2019)[ 72 ]
	Flaviviruses	Preclinical	Richner et al. (2017)[ 71 ]
	Influenza	Phase I	Bahl et al. (2017)[ 63 ]
	SARS‐CoV‐2	Phase III	Zhang et al. (2020)[ 2 ]
			Wang et al. (2020)[ 9 ]
			Walsh et al. (2020)[ 74 ]